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Background: Diabetes is the commonest carbohydrate metabolism disease which may be either due to insulin secretion deficiency or insulin dysfunction or both. This study was conducted to evaluate hypoglycemic effects of Thymus vulgaris extract and its regenerative effects on beta cells of pancreas.
 Materials and methods: In this study, male Wistar rats weighting 200-250 grams were included and maintained at 22±2 degrees Celsius. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Experimental groups were made diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ) (70 mg/kg i.p.). Three experimental groups were gavaged with extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 21consecutive days. After the end of treatment, blood samples were drown from heart and serum glucose, liver glycogen, SOD enzyme malondialdehyde (MDA) level, plasma antioxidant power were measured. Finally, the rats were deeply anesthetized and sacrificed for histological evaluation of their pancreas. Results: Serum levels of glucose and MDA were increased (p<0.001) and serum SOD activity and liver glycogen were decreased (p<0.001) significantly in the diabetic groups as compared with the control group. In diabetic rats treated with Thymus vulgaris extract, serum SOD activity, plasma antioxidant power and liver glycogen were increased and serum MDA levels and serum glucose were decreased (p<0.001). Thymus vulgaris extract increased the size and the number of pancreatic Langerhans islets looking like of normal rats. Conclusion: Treatment of diabetic rats with Thymus vulgaris extract not only decreases the level of serum glucose, but also has beneficial regenerative effect on Langerhans islands.

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Background: Kombucha is used for the treatment of several diseases, including wound healing, in traditional medicine. Due to its effective abilities, such as antibiotic activities, detoxification, and its impact on skin luminosity, we attempted to determine its effect on injured skin in in vivo condition.
Materials and methods: 30 male NMRI strain were randomly assigned in control (injured skin), sham (exposed with sweet tea) and experimental (received Kombucha) groups. A 3mm diameter wound with complete skin thickness was made on the back of each mouse. Treatment with Kombucha was applied three times a day for 18 days. At the end of study, histological study was carried out on the under-treatment tissues.
Results: Significant decrease in wound diameter was observed in experimental group compared to control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, significant increased epidermal thickness and decreased derm and hypoderm thickness were seen in experimental group compared to control group (P<0.05). Hair follicle diameter was significantly increased in experimental group compared to control group, while skin thickness diameter was in coordination with control group.
Conclusion: External use of Kombucha on open wound skin with complete skin thickness effectively accelerates wound-healing procedure and also increases hair follicle diameter and length in in vivo condition.

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Background: According to evidence of therapeutic effects of Komboucha, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Kombucha topical application Synchronized with Kombucha tea oral administration on third-degree burn wounds healing in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, forty Wistar male rats weighing 150-200g were subjected to the deep-burn wounds under general anesthesia in the sterile condition. They were randomly divided into four groups including control (the group without any treatment), sham (sweetened tea treated group), experimental1 (KT treated group) and experimental2 (the group that treated with KT oral administration and homogeneous Kombucha symbiont topical application). After 21-day treatment, the rats were sacrificed using an overdose of anesthetic. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of wound were studied.
 Results: Macroscopic evaluation revealed completely closure of burn wounds in experimental groups. Histological studies showed that skin, keratinocyte layer, epidermis and hypodermis thicknesses in the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups and also number and diameter of hair follicles in the experimental 1 group were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Synchronized oral administration and topical application of Kombucha probably lead to healing acceleration and scar reduction of full-thickness burn wounds.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphodiesterase I (PDE I) on in vitro maturation of immature NMRI mouse strain oocyte.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, immature oocytes recovered from NMRI mouse strain (4-6 weeks) were categorized in one control and ten experimental groups. The control oocytes were matured in MEMα medium contains 5% FCS, 7.5 Iu hCG and 100 mIU rFSH. In the experimental groups, immature oocytes were matured in this maturation medium and different amount of phosphodiesterase. Oocyte of each group incubated for 24 hours in 37 C° and 5% CO2. After 24 hours, the activated immature oocytes were classified as GV when the germinal vesicle was present, as GVBD when GV was breakdown and metaphase Π (M Π) when first polar body was extruded.
 Results: The percentage of oocytes remained in GV stage in the control, the first group (80nIu/µu PDEI type4) and 8th group (0.5 nIu/µu PDEI type4) were 18.5, 32.5 and 7.5 percent, respectively (p<0.01). The percentage of in vitro maturation in the control, the first and 8th group were 60.7 ,10 and 77 percent, respectively (p< 0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed that PDEI (type4) enhanced in vitro maturation of immature NMRI mouse strain oocytes and the 0.5 nIu/µu of PDEI (type4) is the best dose.

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Background: Zinc plays a clear role in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin. In this study, effect of zinc intake by pregnant rats on their diabetosized offspring was investigated.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, pregnant rats were divided in two groups. Control group received normal food and water during pregnancy and after birth, and experimental group received zinc sulphate along this time. Male offsprings from control group were divided in three groups: C1: with normal food and water, C2: diabetosized and C3: received zinc sulphate. Male offsprings from experimental group were divided in four groups: exp1: with normal food and water, exp2: diabetosized, exp3: received zinc sulphate and exp4: diabetosized and received zinc sulphate. Treatment continued for 30 days and water and food intake and urine quantity were measured per day for offsprings. Also, weight, blood glucose and insulin level were detetmined.
Results: Water intake and urine quantity were decreased significantly in exp2 and exp4 (experimental diabetic groups) in comparison with C2 (control diabetic group) (both p<0.01). Body weight was not significantly different between C2 group and exp2 and exp4 groups. Blood glucose was decreased significantly (p<0.001) in exp2 and exp4 in comparison with C2 and blood insulin level was increased significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) in exp2 and exp4 in comparison with C2.
Conclusion: Zinc intake has useful effects on the control of diabetes and it decreases the symptoms of diabetes.

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Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative, age-related disease characterized by dementia and the loss of neuronal cells in the brain.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the male wistar rat were studiedin five groups: control group: intact rat, sham group: NBM destructed rats by ibotenic acid and receiving salin for 14 days via gavage, experimental groups 1, 2 and 3: rat with destructed NBM and receiving 1mg/kg, simvastatin 1mg/kg, and atorvastatin and simvastatin each 0.5mg/kg via gavage, respectively, for 14 days. Learning and memory of all groups were examined by the shuttle box. In order to histological surveys, the brain were removed completely and transferred to formalin 10%.
Results: STL (duration of stay in the clear) was significantly increased in the experimental groups compared with control and sham groups (P<0.001). Statin caused significant decreasing (P<0.001) of TDC (duration of stay in the dark) in the experimental groups in comparison of control and sham groups. Histological studies of brain showed significant increasing of the granular cell in the DG area and also the significant increasing of the pyramidal cell CA1 area in group 2 (P<0.001) and group 3 (P<0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed that statins may result in improving learning and memory and repair of hypocamp in male Alzheimer rats.

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Background: The rat pheochromocytoma cell line, (PC12) will differentiate through in vitro condition by some factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and convert into neuron-like cells. Bee venom (BV) contain different components such as phospholipase 2(PLA2) which has differentiational effect on PC12 cells by itself but the effect of BV as a whole biological product has not been well known, So, in this study, the effects of bee venum on differentiation of PC12 was studied.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the PC12 cells were seeded in the culture medium (RPMI-1640) at 5× 103 cell/well in poly-D-lysine (0.05 mg/ml) coated 24-well culture plates, and were treated with NGF with the concentration of 50 ng/ml and the bee venom with the concentrations of 1 µg/ml and 3 µg/ml. The viability of PC12 cells were analyzed by using MTT assay, and cell differentiation were surveyed morphologically and the neurite outgrowth were measured and the neuronal like cells were confirmed by enzymatically method (AChE activity assay).
Results: The results confirmed the differentiotional effect of BV at the low dosage and this effect was increased when the BV and NGF were used together. We conclude that BV and NGF may use in cell therapy to induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells.
Conclusion: This study showed that BV at the low dosage lead to cell death and at the high dosage convert PC12 cells to neuronal- like cells. Concurrent use of BV and NGF may use in cell therapy to induce differentiation of undifferentiated cells.

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Background: The coconut fruit meat contains some chemical compounds such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit 5-α-reductase enzyme and cause increasing cholesterol level in body. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of coconut fruit meat on spermatogenesis, testosterone and gonadotropic hormones level in adult male rats.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups of eight including the control group received nothing, the sham group received an equal volume of normal saline as a solvent and the experimental groups received 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of meat of coconut fruit for 30 days orally. At the end of the 30th day, the blood samples and the testes were removed and histological changes were studied among experimental, sham and control groups. Data were analyzed by one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test.
Results: Concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of coconut meat increased testosterone level and sperm condense in seminiferous tubules in comparison with the control and sham groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Meat of coconut fruit increases testosterone level and tubular sperm condense, via inhibiting 5-α- reductase and increasing 17-β- hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme biosynthesize that which might be because of the lauric, myristic and palmitic acid content of the coconut fruit meat.

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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sequence effects of simvastatin and fatigue, specifically the interaction between fatigue effects and passive avoidance learning in simvastatin treated rats.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats weightening 300-350 g were divided into 4 groups: control group: treated with enough tap (n=10), Sham group: rats which were gavaged with distilled water and food (n=10), first experimental (Exp1) and Second experimental (Exp2) group: rats which were gavaged with distilled water and food (n=10) and simvastatin with dose of 1 mg/kg for 35 days (n=10). Then, both experimental groups were forced to swim in aquariums for 35 days at 9-10 AM to 13-14 PM. At the end of treatment days, passive avoidance learning (PAL) system was considered and monitored. The learning and memory of all groups were studied. After performing behavioral tests, testosterone and cortisol were measured.
Results: fatigue decreased learning activity in Exp group one (P<0.001), while simvastatin causes increase in learning actitives in Exp group two. Also, fatigue induced by forced swimming caused significant decrease of testosterone hormone level (P<0.001), increase of cortisole hormone level (P<0.001) in experimental groups in comparison with sham and control groups.
Conclusion: Our study showed that fatigue due to long term swimming causes decrease in learning, while simvastatin drug is effective for prevention of decrease of learning and memory in fatigued rats.

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Background: Because drug resistance is one of the most important problems in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), finding new anti-cancer drugs especially from natural sources is research priority. Therefore, in this study, anti-cancer effects of ethyl acetate soluble metabolite of Iranian native bacteria, Streptomyces calvus, were studied using human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells.
Materials and methods: In this experimental trail, ethyl acetate soluble metabolites were isolated from S. calvus bacteria. K562 cell line was treated by various concentrations of this metabolite for 12- 72 h intervals. Anti-proliferative effects of ethyl acetate soluble metabolite were studied by trypan blue exclusion test. Wright-Giemsa staining and latex particle phagocytosis assay were used to study differentiated cells.
Results: Ethyl acetate soluble metabolite induced growth inhibition in K562 cells in concentration and time- dependent manner. At the concentration of 200 ng/ml, the growth was inhibited 19-50% after 12-72h. Latex particle phagocytosis assay and Wright- Giemsa staining results revealed that K562 cells were differentiated toward monocytic- macrophagic lineage.
Conclusion: According to growth inhibitory and differentiating effects of S.calvus metabolite in K562 cells, this metabolite can be proposed for more investigations in differentiation therapy of CML patients.

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Background: Nanomaterials include components from 10 to 100 nanometer or even smaller in their size that can transport easily through the skin, lung alveoli or placenta. This research evaluated the effects of nano zinc oxide on limb bud development in fetal mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, in vivo technique was used. Experimental goups of pregnant mice on day 11 of pregnancy were injected once intraperitoneally nano zinc oxide in doses of 0.5g/kg, 1g/kg and 1.5g/kg. On day 15 of pregnancy, the fetuses were brought out and the fore limb buds were separated from their bodies. The number of mesenchymal cells, cartilage, atrophy, and muscle, hypertrophy, dividing, degenerated cells, bone and red blood cells were analyzed in three regions from hand including fingers, forearm and arm by morphological, histological and statistical analysis.
Results: Experimental fetus received 0.5g/kg nano zinc oxide were aborted. Cell counts in all three regions in experimental group2 (that received 1g/kg) and group3 (received 1.5g/kg of nano zinc oxide) showed significant changes in the number of mentioned cells in experimental goups 2 and 3, compared with control and sham (P<0.05, P<0.01, P< 0.001).
Conclusion: Intraperitoneally injection of nano zinc oxide to pregnant mice showed significant effect on fore limb buds development in mice fetus.

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Background: Stem cells are cells with high regeneration ability and potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. Stem cells are able to differentiate into specialized cell of different tissues in vitro and are used for cell therapy. In the present study, the ability of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate in to cardiomyocytes like cells in vitro was investigated.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the effect of heart extract on differentiation of mesenchimal stem cells was assessed in vitro. First, MSCs were isolated from mouse NMRI umbilical cord on E16-18 and cultured in plate under a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 36.5◦C. The day 7–10 of culture, these cells received 40 λ heart extract from 2 weeks old mice every 4 days. After induction for 21 days, mesenchymal cells started to differentiate into cardiomyocytes like cells. Immunocytochemistry methods were used to detect the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin protein. Results: Morphological changes and immunocytochemistry studies showed the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and indicated that the MSCs could have the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes like cells in vitro.
Conclusion: These results indicate that umbilical cord mesenchimal stem cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes like cells in vitro by some growth factors existing in the heart extract.
Keywords: Umbilical cord, Mesenchymal stem cells, Heart extract, Differentiation, Cardiomyocytes like cells.

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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder which causes disorder in the ovulation and infertility in women. This study was design to investigate the effects of alcoholic extract of white Marrubum vulgare plant on the hormonal parameters model of polycystic ovarian syndrome in the adult female rats.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult female rats from wistar race with approximate weight of 180 to 200 grams were evaluated. The rats were divided into 6 groups of 8 numbers each randomly. Control group, sham group, experimental group 1 received 500 mg/kg of oral extract for 21 days, experimental group 2 PCOS, experimental group 3 (PCOS+500 mg/kg) and experimental group 4 (PCOS +1000mg/kg) were fed extract for 21 days. On the 22nd day, blood samples were collected from all the groups for measuring serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone hormones using RIA.
Results: LH hormone serum level in the group of “PCOS+1000mg/kg” showed a significant reduction compared to PCOS. FSH hormone level did not show any difference in any groups, compared to control group and PCOS. The level of estradiol hormone in the group of PCOS+500mg/kg, PCOS +1000mg/kg revealed a significant reduction, compared to PCOS. Testosterone hormone level in the group of PCOS+1000mg/kg showed a significant reduction in comparison to PCOS, and finally the level of progesterone in the group of PCOS +500mg/kg and PCOS +1000mg/kg exhibited a significant reduction, compared to PCOS.
Conclusion: The results indicate that alcoholic extract of white Marrubium Vulgare improves hormonal parameters in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

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Background: Burn is one of the factors in the spread of disease. To treat burns, several topical medications are required. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of topical nano zinc oxide on skin burns of adult female mice of NMRI.

Materials and methods: 30 adult female mice of the NMRI were placed in groups of control1(without burns), control2 (burns without healing), sham (burns distilled water tween 20), experimental 1 (burns and distilled zinc oxide 300mg), and experimental 2 (burns and distilled zinc oxide 500mg). In sterile conditions and anesthesia, a wound was created with diameter of one centimeter on the back of each mouse. The mice were treated for 21 days and were easy to draw. The thickness of the horny layer, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, number of hair follicles and number of dermic vessels and vessel diameter, the diameter of the wound and scar was evaluated.

Results: Diameter of scar in all groups revealed reduction (P<0.001) compared to control 2. Thickness of horny epiderm significantly increased (p <0.001) in groups of control 1, sham, experimental 1, and 2 compared to control 2. The thickness of the hypoderm increased in groups of sham (p<0.01), control 1, experimental 1, and 2 (P<0.001) compared to control 2. Thickness of the dermis was larger in groups of control 1, sham, experimental 1 , and 2 (P <0.001) in comparison of control 2 group. The number of hair follicles was decreased in control 1 group (P<0.01) and increased in groups of sham (p<0.01), and experimental 1 and 2 (P <0.001) compared to control 2. There were no significant differences in the number of dermic vessels and the diameter of dermic vessels between groups.

Conclusion: Results showed that nano zinc oxide had good effects on burned skin layers and hair follicles.

Keywords: Nano-zinc oxide, Skin burn, Healing, Dermis, Epidermis.

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Background: Thioacetamide causes kidney dysfunction. Medical plants had been used to cure some kidney diseases. The present study was done to evaluate the protect effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root on disorder of kidney functions induced by thioacetamide in male rats.

Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 35 male rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, sham group received a single dose of 150mg/kg thioacetamide intraperitoneally, experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at the doses of 100, 200, and 300mg/kg daily orally during 3 months respectively and then a single dose of thioacetamide at 150 mg/kg as intraperitoneal injection. The serum levels of creatinine, BUN, sodium and potassium were measured.

Results: Pretreatment with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses increased the serum level of BUN compared to thioacetamide group, but there was no significant difference. Pretreatment with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses significantly reduced serum levels of potassium and sodium compared to thioacetamide group. Pretreatment with 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root significantly reduced serum level of creatinine compared to thioacetamide group.

Conclusion: Results showed protective effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root on functional kidney disorders induced by thioacetamide in male rats. The protective effects of this extract can be due to its antioxidant effects.

Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, Thioacetamide, Kidney function, Male rat.

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Background: Recent advances in directed differentiation of pancreatic stem cells offers potential to the development of replacement therapy for diabetic patients. However, the existing differentiation protocols are complex, time-consuming, and costly; thus there is a need for alternative protocols. Today, co-culturing with pancreatic islets is apparently a promising protocol for producing beta cells. Furthermore, we need keep islets viable in vitro for extended time periods.

Materials and methods: We maintained isolated pancreatic islets obtained from the mouse pancreas in tissue culture for 2 weeks, after which we studied the viability, proliferation and morphology of the islets. Pancreatic islets were isolated from overnight-fasted male NMRI mice by Lacy and Kostianovsky modified collagenase digestion method and islets were tested for their specificity by dithizone (DTZ) staining. Also, islet cell viability was tested by MTT assay.

Results: Our results showed that viable pancreatic islets can be isolated from the pancreas of adult mice and maintained in tissue culture for at least 1 week, without loss of the specific functions of the cells. Cell viability of pancreatic islets was decreased after one week and also, the cell number decreased over time.  Cell viability and cell number were decrease if cells were incubated for long time.

Conclusion: It remains to be established whether such islets will survive and remain functionally competent after co culturing. Survey of viability of pancreatic islets is necessary in in vitro, because these were used for cell therapy for diabetes.

Keywords: Survival, Proliferation, Pancreatic islets, Culture, MTT, NMRI.

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Background: The rapid development of nanotechnology has given rise to broad applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedicine. This material is distributed in all parts of the body, rapidly after injection, by circulation and reach to all organs and tissues. Before their application as medicine, toxic effects of them on human and animals should be assessed. In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle on histopathological changes of epididymis in adult male mice was investigated.

Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male NMRI mice were used. The animals were assigned as control, sham and three experimental groups (n=6). Sham and experimental groups received 1ml of distilled water and experimental animals received different doses of nano zinc oxide (250, 500 and 700 mg/kg, i.p. injection, respectively). Treatments was performed for one day. After a week, effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle on histopathological changes of epididym tissue were studied. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test.

Results: Administration of zinc oxide nanoparticle in 250 mg/kg dose caused significant reduction in the number of sperm cells. Also, zinc oxide nanoparticle in 250 mg/kg dose lead to degenerated epididymis cells in epididymis tubules. There were no significant changes in diameter of epididymis tubules and number of epididymis tubules.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles may cause adverse effects on the reproductive system. So, we recommend to avoid using products containing nanoparticles of zinc oxide.

Keywords: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Epididymis tissue, Sperm cells, Mice.

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Background: Components of olive oil include oleic acid, hydrocarbons (as squalene), sterols (as beta-sitosterol), polyphenols (tyrosol, hydroxyltyrosol, oleuropeinand, and others), tocopherols and terpenoids. Olive oil ingredients have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory effects. The present study was done to evaluate the effects of olive oil on kidney, lipid and liver function in male rat.

Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 14 male rats were divided into 2 groups. In control group, each rat underwent no stress such as injection, oral gavage and etc. in experimental group, each rat received 0.4 mL olive oil orally per day for 3 months. All animals bled after 3 months. The blood samples were tested for creatinine, nitrogen urea blood (BUN), total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, sodium, glucose, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, albumin and  total protein serum levels.

Results: No significant differences were noticed in sodium, BUN, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels in rats treated with olive oil compared to control group. There were no significant differences in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, albumin and total protein serum levels between rats treated with olive oil and control group.

Conclusion: The results showed that olive oil had no effects on kidney, lipid and liver function.

Keywords: Olive oil, Kidney function, Lipid function, Liver function, Glucose, Male rat.

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Background: Honey, as the most curative material, is used for healing majority of diseases. This study aimed at analyzing the role of honey and silver nano particles in changing blood biochemical factors in renal stone of male mice. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 30 Albino male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 each, including healthy control, negative control received only water with 1% ethylen glycol, and 3 experimental groups received 15 ethylen glycol and 125mg/kg honey, 250 mg/kg honey and 125 ppm nano silver, respectively. After 30 days treatment, blood sampling was done via heart, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and albumin were evbaluated. Results: The findings showed that only in the group of 125 mg/kg honey, significant decrease and increases could be found in the amount of BUN (p<0.05) and ALB (p<0.05), respectively. However, compared to negative control group, there was not seen any significant difference in group of nano silver particles. Additionally, nothing was reported regarding the effects of these 3 groups on creatinine. Conclusion: It can be expected that honey, due to its strong antioxidant properties, will result in improvement of blood biochemical factor in kidney stone, while silver nano particles will cause increase in urine calcium oxalate and consequently lead to renal stone. Keywords: Albumin, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine, Honey, Renal stone, Nano silver.