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Background: Totally, 3-5% of neonates have detectable congenital anomalies. Congenital anomalies are important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. With decreasing incidence of fatal infectious diseases, congenital anomalies would be one of the main causes of infants mortality in future. This study has performed to determine the prevalence of congenital anomalies in 1000 live-born neonates at Javaheri Hospital in Tehran during a 6-month period in 2004.
Materials and methods: For this cross sectional study, 1000 live-born neonates were selected. Neonates with major and minor anomalies were identified by reviewing their medical records. Finally, data analysis was achieved by SPSS software.
Results: Congenital anomalies were identified in 52 of 1000 live-born neonates, mostly among male neonates. Undescended testis was by far the most common congenital anomaly. According to the involved system, there was orderly the anomalies of musculoskeletal system, urogenital, cardiovascular, CNS and GI tract. Calcaneovalgus (musculoskeletal anomaly) and undescended testis and hypospadiasis (urogenital anomalies) were found more frequently than others.
Conclusion: Some of the congenital anomalies are not recognized at birth and may occur later in life, thus, the aforementioned prevalence rate is underestimated. Attention to preconception care, prenatal care and genetic counseling for high risk parents have important role in prevention of congenital anomalies.

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Background: Heart diseases represent the most common causes of mortality worldwide. Knowledge towards heart disease and its risk factors is an important pre-requisite for an individual to implement behavioral change leading towards heart disease prevention. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of education on knowledge of students' parents' towards cardiovascular risk factors.

Materials and methods: This interventional study was carried out in Tehran 13th district. A well-prepared questionnaire was used to collect initial data. Data analysis was achieved by SPSS software using ANOVA, paired t-test and correlation coefficient.

Results: Totally, 432 subjects with the mean age of 34.6±5.9 years took part in our study, of whom 89.1% were householder. The mean knowledge score was significantly differed before and after education (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Unfortunately, parents' knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors were not adequate. This study suggests that educational programs can positively influence the knowledge towards cardiovascular risk factors.