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Background: It is widely recognized that losartan, as an angiotensin receptor (AT1) antagonist, has organ protective nature and effective activity against organ damage progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of losartan on renal function amelioration after unilateral ureteral obstruction of rat.
Material and methods: In this experimental study, 50 Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) of left kidney and randomly divided into five groups (ten rats in each groups) as follows: (1) control group (2) UUO (3) UUO/LOS (4) Sham-operated (5) Sham/LOS. Control animals received orally drug solvent by gavage for 15 days. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed on groups 2 and 3 and sham, the operation was performed in groups 4 and 5. The group 2, received solvent drug and group 3 received losartan (60 mg/kg) for 15 days. Blood samples were collected at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 after UUO for evaluation of serum creatinine, urea and cholesterol levels. Rats were sacrificed at day 14 for histopathological evaluation of left kidney with H&E technique. Data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics.
Results: Serum creatinine, urea and cholesterol levels significantly increased in UUO group at days 7 and 14 after operation compared with control group (p<0.05). But serum levels of creatinine, urea and cholesterol significantly decreased (p<0.05). Unlike losaratan treated animals, histopathologic evaluation showed more renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular epithelial necrosis, hemorrhage, interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, tubular atrophy, glumerular tufts expanding, periglomerular sclerosis, subcapsular fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and peritubular capillaries edema in UUO groups. There were no significant differences between control and sham groups.
Conclusion: This study showed the ureteral obstructions lead severe renal tissue deterioration and dysfunction, but losartan may reverse renal tissue damage.

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Background: Organic solvents, such as phenol, are widely used in different industries and occupations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenol on testicular morphology and morphometry and also some digestive organs and body weight.
 Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 54 male wistar rats were placed in 3 groups, including control and phenol recipient of 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw. Rats received phenol solution or water by gavage every day for 15 days. At the end of study, 3 rats from each group were weighted. After anesthetize of rats, right testes dimensions, weight and histological structure as well as weights of some digestive organs were determined.
 Results: Phenol at 100 and 200 mg/kg.bw significantly increased the spermatogonia cell count and lumen seminiferus tubule diameter, compared with the control group (p<0.05). While, 200 mg/kg/bw phenol reduced the epithelial thickness in compared with control group (p<0.05). Testicular morphometry was not affected by phenol treatments (p>0.05). Stomach and colon weights in phenol receiving groups were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of phenol on testes morphological structure and gastrointestinal tract organs weight. Keywords: Histopathology, Morphometry, Gastrointestinal tract, Testes, Rat, Phenol.