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مروری بر اثرات تمرینات ورزشی بر نشانگرهای سندرم متابولیک در زنان یائسه و چاق A review of the effects of exercise training on the metabolic syndrome markers in postmenopausal and obese women 1 1 سابقه و هدف: چاقی و سندرم متابولیک ترکیبی از اختلالات متابولیکی متعددی هستند که خطر بروز بیماری‌های مزمن و مرگ و میر را افزایش می‌دهند و شیوع بسیار بالایی در سراسر جهان و به ویژه در بین زنان یائسه دارند. با این حال، نشان داده شده است که انجام تمرینات ورزشی منظم و افزایش سطح فعالیت بدنی می‌تواند باعث بهبود نشانگرهای سندرم متابولیک و عوارض ناشی از چاقی شود. لذا مطالعه مروری حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات انواع مختلف تمرینات ورزشی بر نشانگرهای سندرم متابولیک در زنان چاق و یائسه همراه با سازوکارهای سلولی-مولکولی احتمالی انجام شد. روش بررسی: برای این مرور نظام­مند، اطلاعات مربوطه از طریق جستجوی کلید واژه‌های مرتبط با اثرات تمرینات ورزشی مختلف بر نشانگرهای سندرم متابولیک در زنان یائسه و چاق، از بانک‌های اطلاعاتی و وبگاه‌های متعدد خارجی از جمله Google Scholar، Science Direct، Pubmed، Web of Science و داخلی SID، IranDoc، Magiran استخراج شد. یافته­ها: نتایج حاصل از بررسی حاضر نشان داد که انواع مختلف برنامه‌های تمرینات ورزشی از طریق سازوکار‌ها و مکانیزم‌های فیزیولوژیک مختلف باعث بهبود اغلب نشانگرهای سندرم متابولیک در زنان چاق و زنان یائسه می‌گردد. نتیجه­گیری: به نظر می‌رسد که افزایش فعالیت بدنی و انواع مختلف مداخلات ورزشی (هوازی، مقاومتی، ترکیبی و HIIT) می‌تواند باعث بهبود عوامل خطرزای سندرم متابولیک شده و لذا می‌تواند استراتژی کلیدی برای پیشگیری و کنترل این اختلال متابولیکی در در زنان چاق و یائسه ‌باشد.   2 Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are a combination of several metabolic disorders that increase the risk of chronic disease and mortality, and highly prevalent worldwide among postmenopausal women. However, it has been shown that regular exercise and increased physical activity can improve components of metabolic syndrome and the complications of obesity. Therefore, the present review was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of exercise training on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal and obese women along with a possible of the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods: For this systematic review, all relevant information were collected using search of specific keywords about of the effects of different types of exercise training on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal and obese, via some internal and external databases including Web of Science, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, IranDoc and SID, that this information was extracted. Results: The results of the present review showed that different types of exercise programs through various physiological mechanisms improved most of the biomarkers of metabolic syndrome among obese and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: It seems that increase of physical activity and different types of exercise interventions (aerobic, resistance, combination and HIIT) can improve the metabolic syndrome risk factors and thus represent a key treatment strategy to prevent and control of this metabolic disorder in obese and postmenopausal women.   305 321 2023/05/8 1402/2/18 2023/08/6 1402/5/15 سیروان آتشک Sirvan Atashak دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران ایران sirvan.atashak@gmail.com رضا رشدی بناب Reza Roshdi Bonab استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد بناب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بناب، ایران ایران rezaroshdi@yahoo.com محمد علی آذربایجانی Mohammad Ali Azarbayejani استاد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. ایران ali.azarbayjani@gmail.com Exercise training Metabolic syndrome Obesity Postmenopausal women تمرین ورزشی سندرم متابولیک زنان یائسه چاقی Jahangiry L, Khosravi-Far L, Sarbakhsh P, Kousha A, EntezarMahdi R, Ponnet K. 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مقایسه پروفایل بیانی mRNA و ncRNA در بیماران مبتلا به سرطان روده با رویکرد سیستم بیولوژی بین سال‌های 1399 تا 1400 Comparison of mRNA and ncRNA expression profiles in colon cancer patients with system biology approach between 2020 and 2021 1 1 سابقه و هدف: به دسته­ای از سلول­ها که بیش از بافت نرمال تقسیم شوند، تومور سرطانی گفته می­شود. سرطان روده بزرگ در اکثر موارد، از پولیپ­های روده نشأت می­گیرد. پولیپ­های روده بزرگ، تکه­های گوشتی برآمده است که از پوشش داخلی روده بزرگ نشأت می­گیرند. توضیح روابط تنظیمی بین mRNA و lncRNA می­تواند به شناسایی الگوی تنظیم بیان ژن در سرطان کولورکتال بدخیم کمک کند. در این مطالعه یکپارچه سازی شبکه هم بیان ژنی وزندار در تومور بدخیم با آنالیز داده­های بیانی به دست آمده از نمونه­های افراد نرمال و مبتلا به سرطان بررسی شد. روش بررسی: داده­های استفاده شده در این مقاله شامل توالی­های اگزوزومی lncRNA و mRNA بود که از exorbase  و پایگاه اطلاعاتی GEO  استخراج شد. شبکه هم بیان ژنی وزندار برای گروه­بندی ژن­ها و یافتن گروه­های ژنی که همبستگی قابل توجهی دارند، به کار برده شد.    یافته­ها: در این مطالعه اهمیت پاتولوژیکی گروه­ها، با استفاده از میزان بیان گروه­ها دسته بندی شد. از بین گروه­ها، گروه سبز دارای بیشترین مقدار همبستگی و معنی­داری بود و به همین دلیل فرض بر این است که بیشترین تأثیر را در روند پیشرفت سرطان دارند. نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به ژن­های کلیدی HSPA1B و PPP2R3B،HSPA1A در این مطالعه پیشنهاد می­شود با مقایسه افراد سالم و بیمار و شناسایی تفاوت پروفایل بیان ژنی به یک بیومارکر مناسب جهت شناسایی وتشخیص افرادمبتلا به سرطان کولورکتال دست یافت. 2 Background: A group of cells that divide more than normal tissue is called a cancerous tumor.  In most cases, colon cancer which are lumps of flesh originating from the inner lining of the colon staining from intestinal polyps. Elucidating the regulatory relationships between mRNA and lncRNA can contribute to the regulation pattern of gene expression in malignant colorectal cancer.  In this study, the integration of weight gene co-expression network in malignant tumor was investigated by analyzing expression data from samples of normal and cancer patients. Materials and methods: The data used in this article included lncRNA and mRNA exosomal sequences extracted from Exorbase and GEO database.  The weighted gene co-expression network was used to group genes and find gene groups that have a significant correlation. Results: In this study, the pathological importance of the groups was classified using the level of expression of the groups.  Between the groups, the green group had the most correlation and significance, and for this reason, it is assumed that they have the top impact on the progression of cancer. Conclusion: Considering the key genes HSPA1B, PPP2R3B and HSPA1A suggested in this study by comparing healthy and sick people and identifying the difference in gene expression profile, a suitable biomarker can be identified to detect people with colorectal cancer.   322 337 2023/05/82023/05/27 1402/3/6 2023/08/62023/08/19 1402/5/28 الین گنجی Elian Ganji دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه ژنتیک، دانشکده علوم نوین، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران Elian.ganjiii@gmail.com ملیحه انتظاری Maliheh Entezari مرکز تحقیقات علوم همگرایی پزشکی فرهیختگان، بیمارستان فرهیختگان، تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران drmentezari@gmail.com سیدمحمد پورحسینی Seyed Mohammad Poorhosseini گروه ژنتیک، دانشکده علوم و فناوری پیشرفته، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران drmentezari@gmail.com Colorectal cancer Gene expression Gene regulation networks System biology سرطان کولورکتال بیان ژن شبکه‌های تنظیم ژن سیستم بیولوژی Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. 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Information Sciences 2017;415:190-8.##Zhao H, Chen S, Fu Q. Exosomes from CD133+ cells carrying circ‐ABCC1 mediate cell stemness and metastasis in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2020;121:3286-97.##Jin Y, Li R, Zhang Z, Ren J, Song X, Zhang G. ZBED1/DREF: A transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2020;20:137.##Qin Y, Sun W, Wang Z, Dong W, He L, Zhang T, et al. RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis activates autophagy and inhibits cell proliferation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022;13:270.##Koveitypour Z, Panahi F, Vakilian M, Peymani M, Seyed Forootan F, Nasr Esfahani MH,et al. Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer progression. Cell Biosci 2019;9:1-4.##Kumar A, Deep A, Gupta RK, Atam V, Mohindra S. Brain Microstructural Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Clinically and Biochemically Normal Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017;7:198-204.##Katz DH, Deo RC, Aguilar FG, Selvaraj S, Martinez EE, Beussink-Nelson L, et al. Phenomapping for the identification of hypertensive patients with the myocardial substrate for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Cardiovasc Translat Res 2017;10:275-84.##Polubothu S, Zecchin D, Al-Olabi L, Lionarons DA, Harland M, Horswell S, et al. Inherited duplications of PPP2R3B predispose to nevi and melanoma via a C21orf91-driven proliferative phenotype. Genet Med 2021;23:1636-47.##Jiang S, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Feng Y, Tang J, Song R. Highexpression of ZBED1 affects proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018;11:4019.##Wang X, Wang Y, Fang Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang L,et al. Targeting HSPA1A in ARID2-deficient lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Sci Rev 2021;8:nwab014.##Guan Y, Zhu X, Liang J, Wei M, Huang S, Pan X. Upregulation of HSPA1A/HSPA1B/HSPA7 and downregulation of HSPA9 were related to poor survival in colon cancer. Front Oncol 2021;11:749673.##Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68394-424.##Arnold M, Sierra MS, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut 2017;66:683-91.##Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H, et al. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:524-48.##Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JL, Kasi PM, Wallace M. Pure-AMC. Lancet 2019;394:1467-80.##Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;16:713-32.##Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2021. Ca Cancer J Clin 2021;71:7-33.##Szczuka I, Wierzbicki J, Serek P, Szczęśniak-Sięga BM, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Heat shock proteins HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 are upregulated in colorectal polyps and can be targeted in cancer cells by anti-inflammatory oxicams with arylpiperazine pharmacophore and benzoyl moiety substitutions at thiazine ring. Biomolecules 2021;11:1588.##Chung C. Unique glioma requiring unique management. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020;108:520-21.##Yong L, YuFeng Z, Guang B. Association between PPP2CA expression and colorectal cancer prognosis tumor marker prognostic study. Int J Surg 2018;59:80-9.##Wang H, Liu J, Li J, Zang D, Wang X, Chen Y, et al. Identification of gene modules and hub genes in colon adenocarcinoma associated with pathological stage based on WGCNA analysis. Cancer Genet 2020;242:1-7.##Acharya UR, Fujita H, Oh SL, Hagiwara Y, Tan JH, Adam M. Application of deep convolutional neural network for automated detection of myocardial infarction using ECG signals. Information Sciences 2017;415:190-8.##Zhao H, Chen S, Fu Q. Exosomes from CD133+ cells carrying circ‐ABCC1 mediate cell stemness and metastasis in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2020;121:3286-97.##Jin Y, Li R, Zhang Z, Ren J, Song X, Zhang G. ZBED1/DREF: A transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2020;20:137.##Qin Y, Sun W, Wang Z, Dong W, He L, Zhang T, et al. RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis activates autophagy and inhibits cell proliferation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022;13:270.##Koveitypour Z, Panahi F, Vakilian M, Peymani M, Seyed Forootan F, Nasr Esfahani MH,et al. Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer progression. Cell Biosci 2019;9:1-4.##Kumar A, Deep A, Gupta RK, Atam V, Mohindra S. Brain Microstructural Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Clinically and Biochemically Normal Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017;7:198-204.##Katz DH, Deo RC, Aguilar FG, Selvaraj S, Martinez EE, Beussink-Nelson L, et al. Phenomapping for the identification of hypertensive patients with the myocardial substrate for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Cardiovasc Translat Res 2017;10:275-84.##Polubothu S, Zecchin D, Al-Olabi L, Lionarons DA, Harland M, Horswell S, et al. Inherited duplications of PPP2R3B predispose to nevi and melanoma via a C21orf91-driven proliferative phenotype. Genet Med 2021;23:1636-47.##Jiang S, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Feng Y, Tang J, Song R. Highexpression of ZBED1 affects proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018;11:4019.##Wang X, Wang Y, Fang Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang L,et al. Targeting HSPA1A in ARID2-deficient lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Sci Rev 2021;8:nwab014.##Guan Y, Zhu X, Liang J, Wei M, Huang S, Pan X. Upregulation of HSPA1A/HSPA1B/HSPA7 and downregulation of HSPA9 were related to poor survival in colon cancer. Front Oncol 2021;11:749673.## ##

بررسی اثر تزریق داخل میوکاردی DNAzyme نیوزمه ژن NF-κB بر میزان بیان پروتیین NF-κB در بافت قلب در ایسکمی رپرفیوژن قلبی در موش‌های صحرایی نر Investigating the effect of intramyocardial injection of DNAzyme-containing nisosome of NF-κB gene on the level of cardiac tissue NF-κB protein expression in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion of male rats 1 1 سابقه و هدف: فاکتور NF-κB به وسیله آسیب ایسکمی و ریپرفیوژن  فعال می­گردد  و برای نسخه­برداری ژن­های متعددی، نقش اساسی دارد. یکی از روش­های نوین درمانی، استفاده از DNAzyme است. نیوزوم یک سیستم تحویل دارو جدید است که به صورت کنترل شده و هدفمند می­تواند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه استفاده از DNAzyme نانو نیوزومه به منظور کاهش میزان بیان پروتئین  NF-κB پس از ایسکمی قلبی بود. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش، 25 سر موش رت نر به 5 گروه تقسیم شدند: 1- گروه کنترل، 2 - گروهی که در آن­ها ایسکمی القا شد، 3 - گروهی که پس از القا ایسکمی، DNAzyme دریافت کردند، 4- گروهی که پس از القا ایسکمی، DNAyme نانونیوزومه دریافت کردند و 5 - گروهی که پس از القا ایسکمی، نانو نیوزوم دریافت کردند. پس از 72 ساعت قلب موش ها خارج شد و وسترن بلات انجام گرفت.    یافته­ها: درمان صورت گرفته با DNAzyme نانونیوزومه پس از القا ایسکمی قلبی منجر به کاهش معنی­دار بیان پروتئین NF-κB نسبت به گروه ایسکمی شد (05/0>P). نتیجه­گیری: نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی­ها، موثر بودن DNAzyme نانو نیوزومه بر کاهش پروتیین NF-κB پس از ایسکمی قلبی را نشان داد؛ در نتیجه به عنوان یک روش درمانی برای ایسکمی قلبی قابل استفاده است.   2 Background: NF-κB factor is activated by ischemic damage and reperfusion and has a crucial role in transcription of several genes. Applying DNAzyme is one of the novel therapeutic means. Niosome is a new drug delivery system that is controllable ae used targeted. Applying DNAzyme-containing nanoniosome to diminish the expression of NF-κB protein after cardiac ischemia. Materials and methods: In the current study, twenty-five male rats were assigned into 5 groups: 1- Control group, 2- Ischemic induced group, 3- Post ischemic DNAzyme receiving group, 4- Post ischemic DNAzyme-bearing nanoniosome receiving group, and 5- Post ischemic nanoniosome receiving group. After 72 hours, western blotting was performed on rats’ hearts to assess expression of NF-κB protein in treated groups. Results: post ischemic treatment with DNAzyme-bearing nanoniosome led to considerably decrease of NF-κB expression compared to ischemic rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results demonstrated the efficiency of DNAzyme-containing nanoniosome on NF-κB protein after cardiac ischemia. Therefore it is propounded as a curative method for cardiac ischemia 338 346 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/10 1402/2/20 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/28 1402/4/7 بهار حسینیان Seyede Bahar Hosseinian گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوریهای نوین، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. ایران bahar.hossenian@gmail.com ناهید ابوطالب Nahid Aboutaleb گروه فیزیولوژی ،دانشکده پزشکی ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران. ایران Aboutaleb.n@iums.ac.ir مریم ناصرالاسلامی Maryam Naseroleslami گروه علوم سلولی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم و فناوریهای نوین، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران naseroleslami@gmail.com ندا موسوی نیری Neda Mousavi Niri گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوریهای نوین، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. ایران mousaviniri@gmail.com DNAzyme NF-κB cardiac ischemia دئوکسی ریبوزیم فاکتور هسته‌ای زنجیر سبک کاپا لنفوسیت بی ایسکمی قلبی Amoabediny G, Haghiralsadat F, Naderinezhad S, Helder MN, Akhoundi Kharanaghi E, Mohammadnejad Arough J, et al. Overview of preparation methods of polymeric and lipid-based (niosome, solid lipid, liposome) nanoparticles: A comprehensive review. Int J Polym Mater 2018;67:383-400.##Somasuntharam I, Yehl K, Carroll SL, Maxwell JT, Martinez MD, Che P-L, et al. Knockdown of TNF-α by DNAzyme gold nanoparticles as an anti-inflammatory therapy for myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2016;83:12-22.##Benson VL, Khachigian LM, Lowe HC. DNAzymes and cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2008;154:741-8.##Schreiber T, Salhöfer L, Quinting T, Fandrey J. Things get broken: the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases in ischemic heart disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2019;114:16.##Frantz S, Tillmanns J, Kuhlencordt PJ, Schmidt I, Adamek A, Dienesch C, et al, Bauersachs J. Tissue-specific effects of the nuclear factor kappaB subunit p50 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Pathol 2007;171:507-12.##Skourtis D, Stavroulaki D, Athanasiou V, Fragouli PG, Iatrou H. Nanostructured Polymeric, Liposomal and Other Materials to Control the Drug Delivery for Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020;12:1160.##Lu D, Thum T. RNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019;16:661-674.##Sala V, Bergerone S, Gatti S, Gallo S, Ponzetto A, Ponzetto C, Crepaldi T. MicroRNAs in myocardial ischemia: identifying new targets and tools for treating heart disease. New frontiers for miR-medicine. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014;7:1439-52.##Parlakpinar H, Orum M, Sagir M. Pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: a review. Med Sci 2013;2:935-54.##Zimmermann AC, White IM, Kahn JD. Nucleic acid-cleaving catalytic DNA for sensing and therapeutics. Talanta 2020;211:120709.##Ag Seleci D, Seleci M, Walter J-G, Stahl F, Scheper T. Niosomes as nanoparticular drug carriers: fundamentals and recent applications. J Nanomater 2016;2016.##Latanich CA, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Searching for NF-kappaB-based treatments of ischemia reperfusion injury. J Invest Surg 2009;22301-15.##Wang X, Zhang L, Ding N, Yang X, Zhang J, He J, et al. Identification and characterization of DNAzymes targeting DNA methyltransferase I for suppressing bladder cancer proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015;461:329-33.##14 Zhao L, Yang XR, Han X. MicroRNA-146b induces the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce vascular inflammation and apoptosis in myocardial infarction by targeting PTEN. Exp Ther Med 2019;17:1171-1181.##Lake RJ, Yang Z, Zhang J, Lu Y. DNAzymes as Activity-Based Sensors for Metal Ions: Recent Applications, Demonstrated Advantages, Current Challenges, and Future Directions. Acc Chem Res 2019;52:3275-3286.##Pardakhty A, Moazeni E. Nano-niosomes in drug, vaccine and gene delivery: a rapid overview. Nanomed J 2013;1:1-12.##Farrokhi F, Karami Z, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Heydari A. Delivery of DNAzyme targeting c-Myc gene using β-cyclodextrin polymer nanocarrier for therapeutic application in human breast cancer cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018;47:477-84.##Xiang G, Schuster MD, Seki T, Witkowski P, Eshghi S, Itescu S. Downregulated expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 augments myocardial neovascularization and reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:536-41.##Jiang T, You H, You D, Zhang L, Ding M, Yang B. A miR-1275 mimic protects myocardiocyte apoptosis by regulating the Wnt/NF-κB pathway in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2020 ;466:129-137.##Amoabediny G, Haghiralsadat F, Naderinezhad S, Helder MN, Akhoundi Kharanaghi E, Mohammadnejad Arough J, et al. Overview of preparation methods of polymeric and lipid-based (niosome, solid lipid, liposome) nanoparticles: A comprehensive review. Int J Polym Mater 2018;67:383-400.##Somasuntharam I, Yehl K, Carroll SL, Maxwell JT, Martinez MD, Che P-L, et al. Knockdown of TNF-α by DNAzyme gold nanoparticles as an anti-inflammatory therapy for myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2016;83:12-22.##Benson VL, Khachigian LM, Lowe HC. DNAzymes and cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2008;154:741-8.##Schreiber T, Salhöfer L, Quinting T, Fandrey J. Things get broken: the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases in ischemic heart disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2019;114:16.##Frantz S, Tillmanns J, Kuhlencordt PJ, Schmidt I, Adamek A, Dienesch C, et al, Bauersachs J. Tissue-specific effects of the nuclear factor kappaB subunit p50 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Pathol 2007;171:507-12.##Skourtis D, Stavroulaki D, Athanasiou V, Fragouli PG, Iatrou H. Nanostructured Polymeric, Liposomal and Other Materials to Control the Drug Delivery for Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020;12:1160.##Lu D, Thum T. RNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019;16:661-674.##Sala V, Bergerone S, Gatti S, Gallo S, Ponzetto A, Ponzetto C, Crepaldi T. MicroRNAs in myocardial ischemia: identifying new targets and tools for treating heart disease. New frontiers for miR-medicine. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014;7:1439-52.##Parlakpinar H, Orum M, Sagir M. Pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: a review. Med Sci 2013;2:935-54.##Zimmermann AC, White IM, Kahn JD. Nucleic acid-cleaving catalytic DNA for sensing and therapeutics. Talanta 2020;211:120709.##Ag Seleci D, Seleci M, Walter J-G, Stahl F, Scheper T. Niosomes as nanoparticular drug carriers: fundamentals and recent applications. J Nanomater 2016;2016.##Latanich CA, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Searching for NF-kappaB-based treatments of ischemia reperfusion injury. J Invest Surg 2009;22301-15.##Wang X, Zhang L, Ding N, Yang X, Zhang J, He J, et al. Identification and characterization of DNAzymes targeting DNA methyltransferase I for suppressing bladder cancer proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015;461:329-33.##14 Zhao L, Yang XR, Han X. MicroRNA-146b induces the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce vascular inflammation and apoptosis in myocardial infarction by targeting PTEN. Exp Ther Med 2019;17:1171-1181.##Lake RJ, Yang Z, Zhang J, Lu Y. DNAzymes as Activity-Based Sensors for Metal Ions: Recent Applications, Demonstrated Advantages, Current Challenges, and Future Directions. Acc Chem Res 2019;52:3275-3286.##Pardakhty A, Moazeni E. Nano-niosomes in drug, vaccine and gene delivery: a rapid overview. Nanomed J 2013;1:1-12.##Farrokhi F, Karami Z, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Heydari A. Delivery of DNAzyme targeting c-Myc gene using β-cyclodextrin polymer nanocarrier for therapeutic application in human breast cancer cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018;47:477-84.##Xiang G, Schuster MD, Seki T, Witkowski P, Eshghi S, Itescu S. Downregulated expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 augments myocardial neovascularization and reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:536-41.##Jiang T, You H, You D, Zhang L, Ding M, Yang B. A miR-1275 mimic protects myocardiocyte apoptosis by regulating the Wnt/NF-κB pathway in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2020 ;466:129-137.## ##

اثر عصاره سبوس برنج و تمرین هوازی بر شاخص‌های فشار اکسایشی بافت چربی سفید رت‌های چاق The effect of rice bran extract and aerobic exercise on oxidative stress indices of white adipose tissue in obese rats 1 1 سابقه و هدف: استرس اکسیداتیو یکی از اصلی­ترین مکانیسم­هایی است که  اثرات چاقی را  به وجود می­آورد. فعالیت بدنی و استفاده از گیاهان دارویی دو راهکار اثرگذار بر مهار استرس اکسایشی در شرایط چاقی است. با وجود آنکه مطالعات متعددی در خصوص اثر تمرینات هوازی و گیاهان دارویی بر نشانگران فشار اکسایشی انجام شده، ولی اثر هم­زمان تمرین هوازی و عصاره سبوس برنج بر نشانگران فشار اکسایشی در بافت چربی سفید مشخص نیست. بر این اساس، هدف این مطالعه تدوین اثر تمرین هوازی و عصاره سبوس برنج بر میزان آنزیم­های SOD، CAT و غلظت MDA بافت چربی سفید در رت­های تغذیه شده با غذای پر چرب بود. روش بررسی: در یک کارآزمایی پیش بالینی، 30سر رت ماده نژاد ویستار به عنوان آزمودنی انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در پنج گروه کنترل سالم، کنترل تغذیه شده با غذای پرچرب، تغذیه شده با غذای پرچرب تمرین هوازی، تغذیه شده با غذای پرچرب عصاره سبوس برنج و تغذیه شده با غذای پرچرب تمرین هوازی- عصاره سبوس برنج قرار گرفتند. برای ایجاد چاقی از تغذیه با روغن سرخ کردنی پالم استفاده شد. برنامه تمرین هوازی نیز دویدن روی نوار گردان به مدت چهار هفته و هفته­ای پنج جلسه بود. عصاره سبوس برنج نیز شامل دریافت 60 میلی­گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به مدت 4 هفته و هفته­ای 5 مرتبه به صورت گاواژ بود. پس از پایان دوره بافت چربی سفید برای تعیین میزان SOD، CAT و MDA پس از قربانی نمودن آزمودنی­ها برداشته شد.  یافته­ها: دریافت غذای پرچرب موجب کاهش معنی­دار میزان SOD (001/0P=) و کاتالاز (001/0P=) شد. در حالی که مقادیر MDA (001/0P=) را به طور معنی­داری افزایش داد. تمرین هوازی موجب افزایش معنی­دار میزان SOD و CAT شد، اما اثری بر میزان MDA نداشت. در حالی که عصاره سبوس برنج موجب افزایش معنی­دار SOD و CAT شد و کاهش میزان MDA را به همراه داشت. برهمکنش تمرین و سبوس برنج بر پیامدهای مطالعه معنی­دار نبود. نتیجه­گیری: از آنجایی که تمرین هوازی و سبوس برنج موجب کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو بافت چربی سفید شدند، پیشنهاد می­گردد در شرایط تغذیه با غذای پر چرب می­توان از این دو مداخله برای کاهش عوارض ناشی از تغذیه با غذای پر چرب استفاده کرد.   2 Background: Evidence suggests that oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms that causes the effects of obesity. Physical activity and the use of medicinal herbs are two effective ways to control oxidative stress in obese conditions. Although several studies have been performed on the effect of aerobic exercise and herbs on oxidative stress markers, the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise and rice bran extract on oxidative stress markers in white adipose tissue is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop the effect of aerobic exercise and rice bran extract on the amount of SOD, CAT and MDA concentrations of white adipose tissue in rats fed a high-fat diet. Materials and methods: In a pre-clinical trial, 30 female Wistar rats were selected as experiments and randomly divided into five groups of healthy control, control fed high fat diet, fed high fat diet with aerobic exercise, fed high fat diet with rice bran extract and fed high-fat diet with aerobic exercise-rice bran extract. Palm frying oil was used to induce obesity. The aerobic exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill for four weeks and five sessions a week. Rice bran extract also included receiving 60 mg per kilogram of body weight for 4 weeks and 5 times a week by gavage. At the end of the course, white adipose tissue was removed to determine the amount of SOD, CAT and MDA after sacrificing the subjects. Results: High fat diet significantly reduced SOD (P= 0.001) and catalase (P= 0.001); While significantly increased MDA values ​​(P= 0.001). Aerobic exercise significantly increased SOD and CAT but had no effect on MDA. While, rice bran extract significantly increased SOD and CAT and decreased MDA. The interaction of exercise and rice bran on the study outcomes was not significant. Conclusion: Since aerobic exercise and rice bran reduce the oxidative stress of white adipose tissue, it is suggested that in the context of high fat diet, these two interventions can be used to reduce the side effects of high fat diet.   347 354 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/5 1401/6/14 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/10 1401/7/18 مجتبی معظمی گودرزی Mojtaba Moazami Goodarzi گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران ایران mojtaba.mz59@gmail.com شهرام غلامرضایی Shahram Gholamrezaei گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران ایران gholamrezaei@iaurasht.ac.ir محمدعلی آذربایجانی Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران m_azarbayjani@iauctb.ac.ir علیرضا علمیه Alireza Elmieh گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران ایران elmieh@iaurasht.ac.ir SOD CAT MDA Aerobic exercise Rice bran SOD CAT MDA تمرین هوازی سبوس برنج Williams EP, Mesidor M, Winters K, Dubbert PM, Wyatt SB. Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem. Curr Obes Rep 2015;4:363-70.##Malone JI, Hansen BC. Does obesity cause type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Or is it the opposite? Pediatr Diabetes 2019;20:5-9.##Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UC. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2016;148:183-93.##Sies H. Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol 2015;4:180-3.##Pérez-Torres I, Castrejón-Téllez V, Soto ME, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:1786.##Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Effect of High-Fat Diets on Oxidative Stress, Cellular Inflammatory Response and Cognitive Function. Nutrients 2019;11:2579.##Le Lay S, Simard G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Pathologies: From an Adipocentric Point of View. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014;2014:1-18.##Bojková B, Winklewski PJ, Wszedybyl-Winklewska M. Dietary Fat and Cancer-Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:4114.##Qi J, Luo X, Ma Z, Zhang B, Li S, Duan X, et al. Swimming Exercise Protects against Insulin Resistance via Regulating Oxidative Stress through Nox4 and AKT Signaling in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Diabetes Res. 2020##Man AWC, Li H, Xia N. Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:1496462.##Gutiérrez-López L, Olivares-Corichi IM, Martínez-Arellanes LY, Mejía-Muñoz E, Polanco-Fierro JA, García-Sánchez JR. A moderate intensity exercise program improves physical function and oxidative damage in older women with and without sarcopenic obesity. Exp Gerontol 2021;150:111360.##Wiecek M., Maciejczyk M., Szymura J., Szygula Z. Sex differences in oxidative stress after eccentric and concentric exercise. Redox Rep 2017 22 478-485.##Wiecek M., Maciejczyk M., Szymura J., Wiecha S., Kantorowicz M., Szygula Z. Effect of body composition, aerobic performance and physical activity on exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy subjects. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017 57 942-952.##Akkus H. Effects of acute exercise and aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress in young men and women. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2015;1925-1931.##Rush J. W., Sandiford S. D. Plasma glutathione peroxidase in healthy young adults: influence of gender and physical activity. Clin Biochem 2003;36 345-351.##Ko J, Kim K. Effects of exercise and diet composition on expression of MCP-1 and oxidative stress-related mRNA of adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2013;17:181-188.##Sakurai T, Izawa T, Kizaki T, Ogasawara J, Shirato K, Imaizumi K, et al. Exercise training decreases expression of inflammation-related adipokines through reduction of oxidative stress in rat white adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009;379:605-609.##Ahn, Nayoung, and Kijin Kim. "Combined influence of dietary restriction and treadmill running on MCP-1 and the expression of oxidative stress-related mRNA in the adipose tissue in obese mice. J Exerc Nutr Biochem 2014; 18:311-8.##Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:1786.##Chen F, Huang S, Huang G. Preparation, activity, and antioxidant mechanism of rice bran polysaccharide. Food Funct 2021;12:834-39.##Posuwan J, Prangthip P, Leardkamolkarn V, Yamborisut U, Surasiang R, Charoensiri R, et al. Long-term supplementation of high pigmented rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L.) on amelioration of oxidative stress and histological changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed a high fat diet; Riceberry bran oil. Food Chem 2013;138:501-8.##Senaphan K, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Pannangpetch P, Thawornchinsombut S, et al. Rice bran protein hydrolysates reduce arterial stiffening, vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2018;57:219-30.##Wang YX, Li Y, Sun AM, Wang FJ, Yu GP. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of aqueous enzymatic extract from rice bran in rats fed a high-fat and -cholesterol diet. Nutrients 2014;6:3696-710.##Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2004;114:1752-61.##Olusi SO. Obesity is an independent risk factor for plasma lipid peroxidation and depletion of erythrocyte cytoprotectic enzymes in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:1159-64.##Dhibi M, Brahmi F, Mnari A, Houas Z, Chargui I, Bchir L, et al. The intake of high fat diet with different trans fatty acid levels differentially induces oxidative stress and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011;8:65.##Yu Q, Xia Z, Liong EC, Tipoe GL. Chronic aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity and modulates Nrf2 and NF κB/IκBα pathways in the skeletal muscle of rats fed with a high fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2019;20:4963-4972.##Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019;62:98-103.##Ahmed MA, Mohamed MA, Rashed LA, Abd Elbast SA, Ahmed EA. Rice Bran Oil Improves Insulin Resistance by Affecting the Expression of Antioxidants and Lipid-Regulatory Genes. Lipids 2018;53:505-515.##Saji N, Francis N, Schwarz LJ, Blanchard CL, Santhakumar AB. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts. Foods 2020;9:829.##Liu R, Xu Y, Chang M, Tang L, Lu M, Liu R, et al. Antioxidant interaction of α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol and phytosterol in rice bran oil. Food Chem 2021;343:128431.##Williams EP, Mesidor M, Winters K, Dubbert PM, Wyatt SB. Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem. Curr Obes Rep 2015;4:363-70.##Malone JI, Hansen BC. Does obesity cause type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Or is it the opposite? Pediatr Diabetes 2019;20:5-9.##Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UC. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2016;148:183-93.##Sies H. Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol 2015;4:180-3.##Pérez-Torres I, Castrejón-Téllez V, Soto ME, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:1786.##Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Effect of High-Fat Diets on Oxidative Stress, Cellular Inflammatory Response and Cognitive Function. Nutrients 2019;11:2579.##Le Lay S, Simard G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Pathologies: From an Adipocentric Point of View. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014;2014:1-18.##Bojková B, Winklewski PJ, Wszedybyl-Winklewska M. Dietary Fat and Cancer-Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:4114.##Qi J, Luo X, Ma Z, Zhang B, Li S, Duan X, et al. Swimming Exercise Protects against Insulin Resistance via Regulating Oxidative Stress through Nox4 and AKT Signaling in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Diabetes Res. 2020##Man AWC, Li H, Xia N. Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:1496462.##Gutiérrez-López L, Olivares-Corichi IM, Martínez-Arellanes LY, Mejía-Muñoz E, Polanco-Fierro JA, García-Sánchez JR. A moderate intensity exercise program improves physical function and oxidative damage in older women with and without sarcopenic obesity. Exp Gerontol 2021;150:111360.##Wiecek M., Maciejczyk M., Szymura J., Szygula Z. Sex differences in oxidative stress after eccentric and concentric exercise. Redox Rep 2017 22 478-485.##Wiecek M., Maciejczyk M., Szymura J., Wiecha S., Kantorowicz M., Szygula Z. Effect of body composition, aerobic performance and physical activity on exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy subjects. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017 57 942-952.##Akkus H. Effects of acute exercise and aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress in young men and women. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2015;1925-1931.##Rush J. W., Sandiford S. D. Plasma glutathione peroxidase in healthy young adults: influence of gender and physical activity. Clin Biochem 2003;36 345-351.##Ko J, Kim K. Effects of exercise and diet composition on expression of MCP-1 and oxidative stress-related mRNA of adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2013;17:181-188.##Sakurai T, Izawa T, Kizaki T, Ogasawara J, Shirato K, Imaizumi K, et al. Exercise training decreases expression of inflammation-related adipokines through reduction of oxidative stress in rat white adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009;379:605-609.##Ahn, Nayoung, and Kijin Kim. "Combined influence of dietary restriction and treadmill running on MCP-1 and the expression of oxidative stress-related mRNA in the adipose tissue in obese mice. J Exerc Nutr Biochem 2014; 18:311-8.##Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:1786.##Chen F, Huang S, Huang G. Preparation, activity, and antioxidant mechanism of rice bran polysaccharide. Food Funct 2021;12:834-39.##Posuwan J, Prangthip P, Leardkamolkarn V, Yamborisut U, Surasiang R, Charoensiri R, et al. Long-term supplementation of high pigmented rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L.) on amelioration of oxidative stress and histological changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed a high fat diet; Riceberry bran oil. Food Chem 2013;138:501-8.##Senaphan K, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Pannangpetch P, Thawornchinsombut S, et al. Rice bran protein hydrolysates reduce arterial stiffening, vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2018;57:219-30.##Wang YX, Li Y, Sun AM, Wang FJ, Yu GP. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of aqueous enzymatic extract from rice bran in rats fed a high-fat and -cholesterol diet. Nutrients 2014;6:3696-710.##Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2004;114:1752-61.##Olusi SO. Obesity is an independent risk factor for plasma lipid peroxidation and depletion of erythrocyte cytoprotectic enzymes in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:1159-64.##Dhibi M, Brahmi F, Mnari A, Houas Z, Chargui I, Bchir L, et al. The intake of high fat diet with different trans fatty acid levels differentially induces oxidative stress and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011;8:65.##Yu Q, Xia Z, Liong EC, Tipoe GL. Chronic aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity and modulates Nrf2 and NF κB/IκBα pathways in the skeletal muscle of rats fed with a high fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2019;20:4963-4972.##Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019;62:98-103.##Ahmed MA, Mohamed MA, Rashed LA, Abd Elbast SA, Ahmed EA. Rice Bran Oil Improves Insulin Resistance by Affecting the Expression of Antioxidants and Lipid-Regulatory Genes. Lipids 2018;53:505-515.##Saji N, Francis N, Schwarz LJ, Blanchard CL, Santhakumar AB. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts. Foods 2020;9:829.##Liu R, Xu Y, Chang M, Tang L, Lu M, Liu R, et al. Antioxidant interaction of α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol and phytosterol in rice bran oil. Food Chem 2021;343:128431.## ##

فعالیت ضدباکتری و ضد‌اکسیدانی نانوامولسیون روغن در آب اسانس و عصاره پونه Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion of Mentha pulegium essential oil and extract 1 1 سابقه و هدف: کاربرد پزشکی نانوامولسیون روغن در آب به­دلیل خواص ویژه گسترش یافته است. نانوامولسیون­ها بر پایه گیاهان دارویی به­دلیل روش تهیه ساده و سریع، کارایی بالا، و صرفه اقتصادی مهم هستند. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش نانوامولسیون روغن در آب حاوی اسانس پونه به­عنوان فاز روغنی، عصاره پونه به­عنوان فاز آبی، و سورفکتانت اسپن 80 به مدت 30 دقیقه توسط هموژنایزر تهیه شد. خواص نمونه­ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کیتوزان به­دلیل زیست سازگاری، زیست تخریب پذیری، و خواص ضدباکتری به­عنوان ماده زیستی طبیعی جهت اصلاح  نانوامولسیون بهینه استفاده شد. نمونه­ها با روش­های پراکندگی نور دینامیکی (DLS) جهت بررسی اندازه و توزیع اندازه، میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری (TEM) برای سنجش اندازه و شکل، و پتانسیل زتا برای تعیین پایداری ارزیابی شدند. فعالیت ضدباکتری، فعالیت ضداکسیدانی، و سمیت سلولی نمونه­ها بررسی شد.  یافته­ها: نتایج فعالیت ضدباکتری اسانس، عصاره، و نانوامولسیون­ها علیه باکتری گرم منفی اشرشیاکلی (E.Coli) و باکتری گرم مثبت استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (S.Aureus) نشان داد که این مواد کاندید مناسب بجای داروهای شیمیایی جهت مقابله با سویه­ها هستند. فعالیت ضداکسیدانی نمونه­ها بر اساس سنجش ترکیبات فنولی تام و مهار ادیکال آزاد مشاهده شد. همچنین نمونه­ها سمیت سلولی روی سلول­های سالم ندارند. نتیجه­گیری: بر اساس نتایج، نانوامولسیون روغن در آب حاوی اسانس به­عنوان فاز روغنی و عصاره به­عنوان فاز آبی می‌تواند کاندید مناسبی برای کاربردهای دارویی و پزشکی باشد.   2 Background: The medical application of oil-in-water nanoemulsion has been expanded due to its special properties. Nanoemulsions based on medicinal plants are important because of the simple and fast preparation method, high efficiency, and economic efficiency. Materials and methods: In this study, the oil-in-water nanoemulsion was prepared containing Mentha pulegium essential oil as the oil phase, Mentha pulegium extract as the aqueous phase, and span 80 surfactant for 30 minutes using homogenizer. The properties of samples were investigated. Chitosan was used as the natural biological material to modify the optimal nanoemulsion due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties. The samples were evaluated by methods of dynamic light scattering (DLS) to investigate size and size distribution, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to measure size and shape, and zeta potential to determine stability. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of the samples were investigated. Results: The results of the antibacterial activity of the essential oil, its extract, and nanoemulsions against gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli (E.Coli) and gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus (S.Aureus) showed that these materials are suitable candidates instead of chemical drugs to deal with strains. The antioxidant activity of the samples was observed based on the measurement of total phenolic compounds and free radical inhibition. Also, the samples are not cytotoxic on healthy cells. Conclusion: Based on the results, oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing essential oil as the oily phase and extract as the aqueous phase can be suitable candidates for pharmaceutical and medical applications.   355 364 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/2 1402/3/12 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/13 1402/5/22 اشگان زندیه Ashgan Zandiyeh گروه نانوفناوری پزشکی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری‌های نوین، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران shangfey@gmail.com نگار معتکف کاظمی Negar Motakef Kazemi گروه نانوفناوری پزشکی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری‌های نوین، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران negar.motakef@gmail.com نبی شریعتی فر Nabi Shariatifar گروه بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران nshariati@tums.ac.ir علی سلیمی Ali Salimi مرکز تحقیقات نانوبیوتکنولوژی پزشکی دانشگاه بقیه الله (عج)، تهران، ایران ایران salimistemcell@gmail.com راحله حلبیان Raheleh Halabian مرکز تحقیقات علوم میکروبی، دانشگاه بقیه الله (عج)، تهران، ایران ایران r.halabian@yahoo.com Nanotechnology Nanoemulsion Mentha pulegium Extract Essential oil نانوفناوری نانوامولسیون پونه عصاره اسانس. 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In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Iranian Mentha longifolia essential oil and extracts. J Med Plant 2012; 1:185-194.##Kamkar A, Javan A.J, Asadi F, Kamalinejad M. The antioxidative effect of Iranian Mentha pulegium extracts and essential oil in sunflower oil. Food Chem Tox 2010; 48:1796-1800.##Kreilgaard M. Influence of microemulsions on cutaneous drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2002;54:S77-98.##Izquierdo P, Esquena J, Tadros TF, Dederen JC, Feng J, Garcia-Celma MJ, et al. Phase behavior and nano-emulsion formation by the phase inversion temperature method. Langmuir 2004;20:6594-8.##Guglielmini G. Nanostructured novel carrier for topical application. Clin Dermatol 2008;26:341-6.##Anton N, Benoit J.P, Saulnier P. Design and production of nanoparticles formulated from nano-emulsion templates: a review. J Control Release. 2008; 128:185-199.##Tadros T, Izquierdo P, Esquena J, Solans C. Formation and stability of nanoemulsions. 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Development of MtCu2+/LDPE nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity for potential use in food packaging. Appl Clay Sci 2012; 58:79-87.##Miraj S, Kiani S. Study of pharmacological effect of Mentha pulegium: A review. Der Pharmacia Lettre 2016; 8:242-245.##Aires A, Marrinhas E, Carvalho R, Dias C, José Saavedra M. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Pterospartum tridentatum and Mentha pulegium against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. BioMed Res Int 2016; 2016:1.##Mimica-Dukic N, Popovic M, Jakovljevic V, Szabo A, Gašic O. Pharmacological studies of Mentha longifolia phenolic extracts. II. Hepatoprotective activity. Pharm Biol 1999; 37:221-224.##Baris O, Karadayi M, Yanmis D, Guvenalp Z, Bal T, Gulluce M. Isolation of 3 flavonoids from Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. longifolia and determination of their genotoxic potentials by using the E. coli WP2 test system. J Food Sci 2011; 76:T212-217.##Langaroudi F, Motakef Kazemi N. Preparation and characterization of O/W nanoemulsion with Mint essential oil and Parsley aqueous extract and the presence effect of chitosan. Nanomed Res J 2019; 4:48-55.##Karimi E, Motakef Kazemi N. Preparation of O/W nanoemulsion containg saffron aqueous solution and sesame oil and evaluation of its properties. Nanomed Res J 2021; 6:112-116.##Liu J, Zhou H, Tan Y, Muriel Mundo J.L, Julian McClements D. Comparison of plant-based emulsifier performance in water-in-oil-in-water emulsions: Soy protein isolate, pectin and gum Arabic. J Food Eng 2021; 307: 110625.##Liu C, Pei R, Heinonen M. Faba bean protein: A promising plant-based emulsifier for improving physical and oxidative stabilities of oil-in-water emulsions. Food Chem 2022; 369: 130879.##Herrero A.M, Merino E, Muñoz-González I, Ruiz-Capillas C. Oil-in water vegetable emulsions with oat bran as meat raw material replacers: compositional, technological and structural approach. Foods 2023; 12: 40.##Wang X, Yu K, Cheng C, Peng D, Yu X, Chen H, et al. Effect of sesamol on the physical and chemical stability of plant-based flaxseed oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by proteins or phospholipids. Food Funct 2021; 12: 2090-2101.##Kamkar A, Shariatifar N, Jamshidi A, Jebelli Javan A, Sadeghi T, Zeagham Monfared M. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Iranian Mentha longifolia essential oil and extracts. J Med Plant 2012; 1:185-194.##Kamkar A, Javan A.J, Asadi F, Kamalinejad M. The antioxidative effect of Iranian Mentha pulegium extracts and essential oil in sunflower oil. Food Chem Tox 2010; 48:1796-1800.## ##

مقایسه روش سنجش ATP بیولومینسانس و روش استاندارد شمارش کلنی جهت ارزیابی محصولات ب ث ژ Comparison of the ATP-bioluminescence assay and the standard colony counting method for evaluation BCG products 1 1 سابقه و هدف: روش مرسوم سنجش کارایی محصولات واکسن ب ث ژ از طریق شمارش کلونی است که بسیار کند و طاقت فرسا است.  به منظور کنترل کیفی واکسن، روشی سریع جهت تخمین باسیل های زنده مورد نیاز است. ATP شناساگر قابل اعتمادی برای قابلیت زنده مانی سلول است و میزان نور ساطع شده در واکنش بیولومینسانس بطور مستقیم وابسته به میزان ATP  باسیل ها است. در مطالعه حاضر رابطه میان دو روش فوق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: تعداد کلونی­های زنده (CFU) و سیگنال بیولومینسانس (RLU) محصولات BCG به ترتیب با استفاده از روش مرسوم میکروبیولوژیک و کیت اختصاصی تعیین شد. میزان ATP محصولات بر اساس میزان ATP  و CFU واکسن استاندارد NIBSC تخمین زده شد.  آنالیز رگرسیون خطی جهت تعیین میزان همبستگی دو روش با استفاده از نرم افزار Graph Pad Prism 8.0 انجام پذیرفت. ضریب K   جهت محاسبه تعداد کلونی محصولات BCG  تعیین شد.  یافته­ها: ارتباط خطی و همبستگی قابل توجهی میان دو روش برای بالک ( 9874/0 =r2)  و واکسن BCG  ( 9417/0 =r2)  در مقایسه با پاستوسیس ( 7692/0 =r2)  بدست آمد. ضریب K برای واکسن و بالک BCG تعیین شد که می­توان از آن جهت پیش بینی و تخمین تعداد کلونی سری ساخت های جدید محصولات استفاده کرد. نتیجه­گیری: این مطالعه اشاره می­کند که روش بهبود یافته بیولومینسانس، روشی سریع، حساس و قابل اعتماد جهت تسریع فرایند کنترل کیفی واکسن BCG است.   2 Background: The conventional method of evaluating the efficacy of BCG vaccine products is through colony count, which is very slow and cumbersome. A rapid test for estimating viable bacilli is necessary for vaccine quality control. ATP is a reliable marker for cell viability, and the amount of emitted light during bioluminescence reactions is directly proportional to the ATP content of the bacilli. In this study, the correlation between these two methods was evaluated. Materials and methods: CFU (colony-forming unit) value and bioluminescence signal (RLU) of BCG products were determined by microbiological conventional method and the special kit respectively. ATP content of the products were estimated based on ATP content and CFU value of standard NIBSC vaccine. Linear regression analysis were done by Graph Pad Prism 8.0 software to determine the extent of correlation between two methods. The coefficient K was determined to calculate the CFU value of BCG products. Results Linear relationship and significant correlation were obtained between two methods for BCG Bulk (r2= 0.9874) and Vaccine (r2= 0.9417) compared to Pastocys (r2= 0.7692). The coefficients K were determined for BCG and Bulk vaccine (0.447 and 0.26 respectively) and can be used to predict and estimate the CFU value of new bathes of products. Conclusion: The study suggests that an optimized ATP bioluminescence assay is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable alternative method that can accelerate the quality control process for BCG vaccine 365 371 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/20 1402/3/30 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/21 1402/7/29 حمیدرضا حضوری Hamidreza Hozouri استادیار، مجتمع تولیدی تحقیقاتی انستیتو پاستور ایران ایران h_hozouri@pasteur.ac.ir دلارام درود Delaram Doroud دانشیار، مجتمع تولیدی تحقیقاتی انستیتو پاستور ایران ایران d_doroud@pasteur.ac.ir محمدحسین هدایتی Mohammadhossein Hedayati کارشناس آزمایشگاه بیولوژی سلولی مجتمع تولیدی تحقیقاتی انستیتو پاستور ایران ایران mhheda@gmail.com BCG vaccine Colony forming units Bioluminescence ATP assay واکسن ب ث ژ واحد تشکیل کلونی سنجش ATP بیولومینسانس Tan YZ, Chong YQ, Khong E, Liew YK, Chieng NJ. Effect of disaccharide-polyol systems on the thermal stability of freeze-dried Mycobacterium bovis. Int J Pharm 2019;566:400-9.##Hendon-Dunn CL, Doris KS, Thomas SR, Allnutt JC, Marriott AA, Hatch KA, et al. A flow cytometry method for rapidly assessing Mycobacterium tuberculosis responses to antibiotics with different modes of action. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016;60:3869-83.##Crispen R, editor. Rapid testing of freeze dried BCG vaccine for stability and viability. Symp Ser Immunobiol Stand 1971;17:205-210.##Jensen SE, Hubrechts P, Klein BM, Hasløv KR. Development and validation of an ATP method for rapid estimation of viable units in lyophilized BCG Danish 1331 vaccine. J Biol Stand 2008;36:308-14.##Ho MM, Markey K, Rigsby P, Hockley J, Corbel MJ. Report of an International collaborative study to establish the first WHO reference reagents for BCG vaccines of three different sub-strains. Vaccine 2011;29:512-8.##Kolibab K, Derrick SC, Jacobs WR, Morris SL. Characterization of an intracellular ATP assay for evaluating the viability of live attenuated mycobacterial vaccine preparations. J Microbiol Methods 2012;90:245-9.##World Health Organization. Sixty second report. Geneva WHO, Annex. Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of BCG vaccines. Geneva: WHO Technical Report Series No. 979, 2013.##Liang, X., Tian, L., Shen, P., & Luo, Z. Recent advances in ATP bioluminescence imaging. Anal Methods 2021;13: 1116-28.##Zhang C, Xu Q, Tang L, Wu X. ATP bioluminescence assay for rapid detection of bacteria in water and food samples. Food Control 2020;107:106798.##McElroy W, DeLuca M. Firefly and bacterial luminescence: basic science and applications. J Med Entomol 1983;5:197-209.##Lundin A, Thore A. Analytical information obtainable by evaluation of the time course of firefly bioluminescence in the assay of ATP. Anal Biochem 1975;66:47-63.##Karl DM. Cellular nucleotide measurements and applications in microbial ecology. Microbiol Rev 1980;44:739-96.##Stanley PE. Extraction of adenosine triphosphate from microbial and somatic cells. Methods Enzymol 1986;133:14-22.##Lomakina GY, Ugarova NN. Bioluminescent test systems based on firefly luciferase for studying stress effects on living cells. Biotechnol Rep 2022;1-6.##Ugarova NN, Lomakina GY, Modestova Y, Chernikov SV, Vinokurova NV, Оtrashevskaya EV, et al. A simplified ATP method for the rapid control of cell viability in a freeze-dried BCG vaccine. J Biotechnol 2016;130:48-53.##Phumiamorn S, Sapsutthipas S, Chimee SJ. Suitability of alternative adenosine triphosphate potency assay for lot release of Tokyo bacilli Calmette-Guerin-172-1 Vaccines in Thailand. J Pharm Sci 2018;42.##World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Requirements for freeze-dried BCG vaccine. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1987. P.60-92.##Jin T, Qu T, Raina A, Alexander P, Tsao E. Improvements of ATP assay as a substitute for the CFU method in estimating viable cell count for BCG/rBCG vaccine preparations. J Vaccine Vaccin 2016;7:2##Tan YZ, Chong YQ, Khong E, Liew YK, Chieng NJ. Effect of disaccharide-polyol systems on the thermal stability of freeze-dried Mycobacterium bovis. Int J Pharm 2019;566:400-9.##Hendon-Dunn CL, Doris KS, Thomas SR, Allnutt JC, Marriott AA, Hatch KA, et al. A flow cytometry method for rapidly assessing Mycobacterium tuberculosis responses to antibiotics with different modes of action. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016;60:3869-83.##Crispen R, editor. Rapid testing of freeze dried BCG vaccine for stability and viability. Symp Ser Immunobiol Stand 1971;17:205-210.##Jensen SE, Hubrechts P, Klein BM, Hasløv KR. Development and validation of an ATP method for rapid estimation of viable units in lyophilized BCG Danish 1331 vaccine. J Biol Stand 2008;36:308-14.##Ho MM, Markey K, Rigsby P, Hockley J, Corbel MJ. Report of an International collaborative study to establish the first WHO reference reagents for BCG vaccines of three different sub-strains. Vaccine 2011;29:512-8.##Kolibab K, Derrick SC, Jacobs WR, Morris SL. Characterization of an intracellular ATP assay for evaluating the viability of live attenuated mycobacterial vaccine preparations. J Microbiol Methods 2012;90:245-9.##World Health Organization. Sixty second report. Geneva WHO, Annex. Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of BCG vaccines. Geneva: WHO Technical Report Series No. 979, 2013.##Liang, X., Tian, L., Shen, P., & Luo, Z. Recent advances in ATP bioluminescence imaging. Anal Methods 2021;13: 1116-28.##Zhang C, Xu Q, Tang L, Wu X. ATP bioluminescence assay for rapid detection of bacteria in water and food samples. Food Control 2020;107:106798.##McElroy W, DeLuca M. Firefly and bacterial luminescence: basic science and applications. J Med Entomol 1983;5:197-209.##Lundin A, Thore A. Analytical information obtainable by evaluation of the time course of firefly bioluminescence in the assay of ATP. Anal Biochem 1975;66:47-63.##Karl DM. Cellular nucleotide measurements and applications in microbial ecology. Microbiol Rev 1980;44:739-96.##Stanley PE. Extraction of adenosine triphosphate from microbial and somatic cells. Methods Enzymol 1986;133:14-22.##Lomakina GY, Ugarova NN. Bioluminescent test systems based on firefly luciferase for studying stress effects on living cells. Biotechnol Rep 2022;1-6.##Ugarova NN, Lomakina GY, Modestova Y, Chernikov SV, Vinokurova NV, Оtrashevskaya EV, et al. A simplified ATP method for the rapid control of cell viability in a freeze-dried BCG vaccine. J Biotechnol 2016;130:48-53.##Phumiamorn S, Sapsutthipas S, Chimee SJ. Suitability of alternative adenosine triphosphate potency assay for lot release of Tokyo bacilli Calmette-Guerin-172-1 Vaccines in Thailand. J Pharm Sci 2018;42.##World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Requirements for freeze-dried BCG vaccine. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1987. P.60-92.##Jin T, Qu T, Raina A, Alexander P, Tsao E. Improvements of ATP assay as a substitute for the CFU method in estimating viable cell count for BCG/rBCG vaccine preparations. J Vaccine Vaccin 2016;7:2## ##

تاثیر برنامه مراقبت مبتنی بر الگوی سازگاری روی بر میزان درد بیماران در بخش مراقبت ویژه: یک مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی Effect of “Roy’s Adaptation Model” based care on pain of patients in intensive care unit: a clinical trial 1 1 سابقه و هدف: مدیریت درد یکی از مهم­ترین اجزای مراقبت از بیمار است و پرستار نقش کلیدی در مدیریت آن دارد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تاثیر برنامه مراقبت مبتنی بر" الگوی سازگاری روی" بر میزان درد بیماران در بخش ICU جراحی انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی سه سو کور در سال 1395 بر روی 100 بیمار بخش مراقبت ویژه انجام شد. به صورت تصادفی دو بخش ICU جراحی در بیمارستان بعثت سنندج به عنوان بخش مداخله و کنترل انتخاب شدند. بیماران واجد شرایط در هر بخش به صورت مجزا به روش تصادفی ساده به گروه مداخله یا کنترل تخصیص داده شدند. در گروه مداخله مراقبت مبتنی بر الگوی سازگاری و در گروه کنترل مراقبت های روتین انجام شد. درد بیماران بر اساس مقیاس سنجش درد (BPS) به مدت 7 روز، روزی 2 بار برای هر بیمار اندازه گیری شد. داده های بدست آمده با نرم افزار SPSS  نسخه 21 تحلیل شد.  یافته­ها: میانگین درد در طول هفت روز در گروه مداخله 43/4 و در گروه کنترل 75/4 و در طول هفت شب در گروه مداخله 66/4 و در گروه کنترل 77/4 بود. همچنین میزان درد در گروه مداخله به طوری معناداری نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش یافت (05/0P<). نتیجه­گیری: مراقبت مبتنی بر الگوی سازگاری روی توسط پرستاران بر کاهش درد بیماران بخش مراقبت ویژه تاثیر داشت. پیشنهاد می­گردد در جهت ارتقاء سلامت بیماران در بخش مراقبت ویژه مراقبت­های پرستاری سازمان یافته مبتنی بر الگو های پرستاری ارائه گردد.   2 Background: Pain management is one of the most important components of patient care, and the nurse plays a key role in its management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the care program based on the "Roy’s Adaptation Model" on the pain of patients in the surgical ICU. Materials and methods: This triple-blind clinical trial study was conducted in 2016 on 100 patients in the intensive care unit. Two surgical ICU wards in Sanandaj Basath Hospital were randomly selected as the intervention and control wards. Eligible patients in each department were assigned to the intervention or control group separately by simple random method. In the intervention group, care based on adaptation model was performed; and in the control group, routine care was done. Patients' pain was measured twice a day for 7 days based on pain measurement scale. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software ver21. Results: The mean pain score during seven days was 4.43 and within seven nights was 4.66 in the intervention group; while in control group it was 4.75 during seven days and 4.77 during seven nights. Also, pain in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Care based on the adaptation model by nurses had an effect on reducing the pain of patients in the intensive care unit. It is suggested to provide organized nursing care based on nursing patterns in order to improve the health of patients in the special care department 372 380 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/202023/06/17 1402/3/27 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/212023/08/13 1402/5/22 جمال صیدی Jamal Seidi دانشیار، گروه پرستاری داخلی جراحی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران JamalSeidi@yahpo.com سینا ولیئی Sina Valiee استاد، گروه پرستاری، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران valiee@yahoo.com شیما سادات آقاحسینی Shima Sadat Aghahosseini استادیار، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران shimaaghahosseini@yahoo.com دائم روشنی Daem Roshani استاد، گروه آمار زیستی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران daem@yahoo.com هیرو حمزه پور Hero Hamzehpour کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری داخلی جراحی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران herohamzepour91@gmail.com Pain Roy adaptation pattern Intensive care unit درد الگوی سازگاری روی بخش مراقبت ویژه Stephens J, Wright M. Pain and Agitation Management in Critically Ill Patients. Nurs Clin North Am 2016;51:95-106.##Gregory J, McGowan L. An examination of the prevalence of acute pain for hospitalised adult patients: a systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2016;25:583-98.##Dureja GP, Iyer RN, Das G, Ahdal J, Narang P. Evidence and consensus recommendations for the pharmacological management of pain in India. J Pain Res 201729;10:709-736.##Durand G, Plata EM. The effects of psychopathic traits on fear of pain, anxiety, and stress. Pers Individ Differ 2017;119:198-203.##Dieb W, Moreau N, Chemla I, Descroix V, Boucher Y. Neuropathic pain in the orofacial region: The role of pain history. A retrospective study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;118:147-150.##Del Giorno R, Frumento P, Varrassi G, Paladini A, Coaccioli S. Assessment of chronic pain and access to pain therapy: a cross-sectional population-based study. J Pain Res 2017;10:2577-2584.##Nasser SC, Nassif JG, Saad AH. Physicians' Attitudes to Clinical Pain Management and Education: Survey from a Middle Eastern Country. Pain Res Manag 2016;2016:1358593.##Ramia E, Nasser SC, Salameh P, Saad AH. Patient Perception of Acute Pain Management: Data from Three Tertiary Care Hospitals. Pain Res Manag 2017;2017:7459360.##Vallerand AH, Cosler P, Henningfield JE, Galassini P. Pain management strategies and lessons from the military: A narrative review. Pain Res Manag 2015;20:261-8.##Coutaux A. Non-pharmacological treatments for pain relief: TENS and acupuncture. Joint Bone Spine 2017;84:657-661.##Nezameslami S, Pishgoee, SAH Sharififar S, Soltannezhade F. The Effect of Education on the Basis of Roy Adaptation Pattern on the Quality of Life of Home Caregivers of Psychiatric Patients with a History of Hospitalization in Mental Hospitals of Military Hospitals in Bushehr. Mil Caring Sci 2019; 6:105-114. [In Persian]##Maddineshat M, Borzou2 R, Cheraghi F, Khatiban M. The Application of Roy's Adaptation Model in a Patient with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case study. IJPN 2020; 8:19-22. [In Persian]##Mahdavipour F. Review A on Adaptation of Heart Failure Patients Based on Roy Adaptation Model: A Review Study. IJSR. 2021; 1:11-19. [In Persian]##Ghanbari Afra L, Adib Hajbagheri M. Roy adaptation model in patient with COVID-19. Nurs Midwifery J 2020; 18:387-397. [In Persian]##Hamzehpour H, Valiee S, Majedi MA, Roshani D, Seidi J. Effect of "Roy adaptation model" in physiologic aspect on the level of consciousness of patients in intensive care unit: A clinical trial. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci 2017;22:1-12. [In Persian]##Seidi J, Alhani F, Salsali M. Nurses' Clinical Judgment Development: A Qualitative Research in Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015;17:e20596.##Kalani Z, Tavangar H, Rahimi A. effectiveness of nursing interventions on incidence of delirium in patients hospitalized to intensive cardiac care units, Shiraz Hospitals, 2012. Med Surg Nurs J 2013;2:93-100. [In Persian]##Rijkenberg S, Stilma W, Bosman RJ, van der Meer NJ, van der Voort PHJ. Pain Measurement in Mechanically Ventilated Patients After Cardiac Surgery: Comparison of the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT). J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017;31:1227-1234.##Ito Y, Teruya K, Kubota H, Yorozu T, Nakajima E. Factors affecting pain assessment scores in patients on mechanical ventilation. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2017;42:75-79.##Hemmati Maslakpak M, Maleki F. The effect of Performance care Plan Based on the Roy Adaptation Model on fatigue in multiple sclerosis Patients. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac 2016;24:184-192. [In Persian]##Whittemore R, Sister Callista Roy. Adapting to diabetes mellitus: a theory synthesis. Nurs Sci Q 2002;15:311-7.##Najafi Ghezeljeh T, Mohades Ardebili F, Rafii F. The effects of massage and music on pain, anxiety and relaxation in burn patients: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Burns 2017;43:1034-1043.##Kacaroglu Vicdan A, Gulseven Karabacak B. Effect of Treatment Education Based on the Roy Adaptation Model on Adjustment of Hemodialysis Patients. Clin Nurse Spec 2016;30:E1-13.##Sadeghnezhad Forotaghe M, Vanaki Z, Memarian R. The effect of nursing care plan based on "Roy Adaptation model" on psychological adaptation in patients with diabetes type II. Evid Bas Care J 2011;1:5-20.##Van Rompaey B, Van Hoof A, van Bogaert P, Timmermans O, Dilles T. The patient's perception of a delirium: A qualitative research in a Belgian intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2016;32:66-74.##Alimohammadi N, Maleki B, Shahriari M, Chitsaz A. Effect of a care plan based on Roy adaptation model biological dimension on stroke patients' physiologic adaptation level. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015;20:275-81.##Stephens J, Wright M. Pain and Agitation Management in Critically Ill Patients. Nurs Clin North Am 2016;51:95-106.##Gregory J, McGowan L. An examination of the prevalence of acute pain for hospitalised adult patients: a systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2016;25:583-98.##Dureja GP, Iyer RN, Das G, Ahdal J, Narang P. Evidence and consensus recommendations for the pharmacological management of pain in India. J Pain Res 201729;10:709-736.##Durand G, Plata EM. The effects of psychopathic traits on fear of pain, anxiety, and stress. Pers Individ Differ 2017;119:198-203.##Dieb W, Moreau N, Chemla I, Descroix V, Boucher Y. Neuropathic pain in the orofacial region: The role of pain history. A retrospective study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;118:147-150.##Del Giorno R, Frumento P, Varrassi G, Paladini A, Coaccioli S. Assessment of chronic pain and access to pain therapy: a cross-sectional population-based study. J Pain Res 2017;10:2577-2584.##Nasser SC, Nassif JG, Saad AH. Physicians' Attitudes to Clinical Pain Management and Education: Survey from a Middle Eastern Country. Pain Res Manag 2016;2016:1358593.##Ramia E, Nasser SC, Salameh P, Saad AH. Patient Perception of Acute Pain Management: Data from Three Tertiary Care Hospitals. Pain Res Manag 2017;2017:7459360.##Vallerand AH, Cosler P, Henningfield JE, Galassini P. Pain management strategies and lessons from the military: A narrative review. Pain Res Manag 2015;20:261-8.##Coutaux A. Non-pharmacological treatments for pain relief: TENS and acupuncture. Joint Bone Spine 2017;84:657-661.##Nezameslami S, Pishgoee, SAH Sharififar S, Soltannezhade F. The Effect of Education on the Basis of Roy Adaptation Pattern on the Quality of Life of Home Caregivers of Psychiatric Patients with a History of Hospitalization in Mental Hospitals of Military Hospitals in Bushehr. Mil Caring Sci 2019; 6:105-114. [In Persian]##Maddineshat M, Borzou2 R, Cheraghi F, Khatiban M. The Application of Roy's Adaptation Model in a Patient with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case study. IJPN 2020; 8:19-22. [In Persian]##Mahdavipour F. Review A on Adaptation of Heart Failure Patients Based on Roy Adaptation Model: A Review Study. IJSR. 2021; 1:11-19. [In Persian]##Ghanbari Afra L, Adib Hajbagheri M. Roy adaptation model in patient with COVID-19. Nurs Midwifery J 2020; 18:387-397. [In Persian]##Hamzehpour H, Valiee S, Majedi MA, Roshani D, Seidi J. Effect of "Roy adaptation model" in physiologic aspect on the level of consciousness of patients in intensive care unit: A clinical trial. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci 2017;22:1-12. [In Persian]##Seidi J, Alhani F, Salsali M. Nurses' Clinical Judgment Development: A Qualitative Research in Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015;17:e20596.##Kalani Z, Tavangar H, Rahimi A. effectiveness of nursing interventions on incidence of delirium in patients hospitalized to intensive cardiac care units, Shiraz Hospitals, 2012. Med Surg Nurs J 2013;2:93-100. [In Persian]##Rijkenberg S, Stilma W, Bosman RJ, van der Meer NJ, van der Voort PHJ. Pain Measurement in Mechanically Ventilated Patients After Cardiac Surgery: Comparison of the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT). J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017;31:1227-1234.##Ito Y, Teruya K, Kubota H, Yorozu T, Nakajima E. Factors affecting pain assessment scores in patients on mechanical ventilation. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2017;42:75-79.##Hemmati Maslakpak M, Maleki F. The effect of Performance care Plan Based on the Roy Adaptation Model on fatigue in multiple sclerosis Patients. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac 2016;24:184-192. [In Persian]##Whittemore R, Sister Callista Roy. Adapting to diabetes mellitus: a theory synthesis. Nurs Sci Q 2002;15:311-7.##Najafi Ghezeljeh T, Mohades Ardebili F, Rafii F. The effects of massage and music on pain, anxiety and relaxation in burn patients: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Burns 2017;43:1034-1043.##Kacaroglu Vicdan A, Gulseven Karabacak B. Effect of Treatment Education Based on the Roy Adaptation Model on Adjustment of Hemodialysis Patients. Clin Nurse Spec 2016;30:E1-13.##Sadeghnezhad Forotaghe M, Vanaki Z, Memarian R. The effect of nursing care plan based on "Roy Adaptation model" on psychological adaptation in patients with diabetes type II. Evid Bas Care J 2011;1:5-20.##Van Rompaey B, Van Hoof A, van Bogaert P, Timmermans O, Dilles T. The patient's perception of a delirium: A qualitative research in a Belgian intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2016;32:66-74.##Alimohammadi N, Maleki B, Shahriari M, Chitsaz A. Effect of a care plan based on Roy adaptation model biological dimension on stroke patients' physiologic adaptation level. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015;20:275-81.## ##

بررسی اثربخشی نرم‌افزار توانبخشی شناختی کاپیتان لاگ بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروزیس شهر تهران Investigating the effectiveness of Captain’s Log cognitive rehabilitation software on the cognitive flexibility of patients with multiple sclerosis in Tehran 1 1 سابقه و هدف: بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروزیس با تخریب سیستم دستگاه عصبی، انتقال پیام در نورون­های مغزی را با مشکل مواجه   می­کند، توانبخشی­های شناختی باعث بهبود توانایی شناختی و عملکردهای اجرایی افراد آسیب دیده می­شوند. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی اثربخشی نرم افزار توانبخشی کاپیتان لاگ بر انعطاف­پذیری شناختی بیماران مبتلا به ام اس شهر تهران بود. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع مداخله­ای با طرح پیش­آزمون-پس­آزمون بود که در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیره (آنکووا) جهت بررسی تأثیر مداخله بر نمرات پس­آزمون استفاده شد. جامعه آماری، تمام بیماران مبتلا به ام اس شهر تهران بودند که تعداد 30 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به مولتیپل اسکلروزیس در سال 1401-1400 شهر تهران به عنوان حجم نمونه با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس و به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری با عنوان گروه­های کنترل و آزمایش قرار گرفتند. آزمودنی­ها پرسشنامه استاندارد انعطاف­پذیری شناختی (CFI) توسط دنیس و ونادروال را برای سنجش انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی تکمیل کردند.  یافته­ها: نرم­افزار توانبخشی شناختی کاپیتان لاگ  به طور مستقیم انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی را تحت تاثیر قرار داد (001/0>p). همچنین اندازه اثر اتا =363/0، یعنی تاثیر کاپیتان لاگ بر انعطاف­پذیری آزمودنی­ها 3/36 درصد بود. نتیجه­گیری: طبق یافته­های پژوهش، اثربخشی توانبخشی شناختی بر بیماران دچار اختلالات شناختی محرز است و پیشنهاد می­شود از نرم­افزار توانبخشی شناختی کاپیتان لاگ در مراکز بهزیستی استفاده شود.   2 Background: The transmission of data in nervous system is affected by multiple sclerosis. This can cause problems for cognitive abilities and executive functions. Cognitive rehabilitations can improve these abilities. We investigated the effectiveness of Captain’s Log rehabilitation software on cognitive flexibility of patients with multiple sclerosis in Tehran. Materials and methods: The present study was an intervention type with a pre-test and post-test design. At the descriptive level, the mean and standard deviation were used. In the inferential part, the normality test of data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), the homogeneity of the regression slope and Levine's test were applied to check the equality of the variance of the dependent variable. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to check the effect of the intervention on the post-test scores. The sample statistical population included 30 patients with multiple sclerosis in the year 2021-2022 in Tehran, who were selected by the purposive convenience sampling method and randomly placed into two groups of fifteen people as control and intervention groups. Subjects completed the standard Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (CFI) by Dennis and Vander Wal to measure cognitive flexibility. Results: Captain’s Log cognitive rehabilitation software directly affected cognitive flexibility (p<0.001). The eta squared effect size 0.363 indicated that the effect of Captain’s Log on the flexibility of the subjects is 36.3%. Conclusion: According to the results, the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on patients with cognitive disorders is clear. It is suggested to use Captain’s Log cognitive rehabilitation software in welfare centers 381 392 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/202023/06/172023/05/8 1402/2/18 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/212023/08/132023/07/19 1402/4/28 علی دلشاد Ali Delshad کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران alidelshad.official@gmail.com آمنه سادات کاظمی Amenesadat Kazemi استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی ، تهران، ایران ایران sadat.kazemi@yahoo.com Multiple sclerosis Cognitive flexibility Cognitive rehabilitation Captain’s Log مولتیپل اسکلروزیس انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی توانبخشی شناختی کاپیتان لاگ Reich DS, Lucchinetti CF, Calabresi PA. Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2018;378:169-180.##Filippi M, Brück W, Chard D, Fazekas F, Geurts JJG, Enzinger C, et al. Attendees of the Correlation between Pathological and MRI findings in MS workshop. 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Neuropsychological Conditions across the Lifespan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2018.##Gross JJ, Thompson RA. Emotion Regulation: Conceptual Foundations. Handbook of emotion regulation. New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press; 2007. p. 3-24.##Pouramiri M, Azimian M, Akbarfahimi N, Pishyareh E, Hossienzadeh S. Investigating the Relationship Between Individual and Clinical Characteristics and Executive Dysfunction of Multiple Sclerosis Individuals. J Rehab 2019:114-23. [In Persian]##Ghorbanian E, Alivandi Vafa M, Farhoudi M, Nazari MA. Effect of Computer-based Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention on Selective Attention, Sustained Attention, and Divided Attention of Patients with Stroke in Tabriz. Sci J Rehabil Med 2020;9:137-46.##Amani O, Mazaheri MA, Nejati V, Shamsian BS. Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Executive Functions in Adolescent Survivors of Leukemia: A Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial. J Rehabil 2017;18:73-82. 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مقایسه اثربخشی درمان روان‌پویشی کوتاه‌مدت فشرده (ISTDP) و درمان وجودی بر نشانه‌ها و علائم بیماران روان‌تنی مراجعه‌کننده به بیمارستان امام خمینی تهران Comparison of the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) and existential therapy on the signs and symptoms of psychosomatic patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran 1 1 سابقه و هدف: اختلالات روان‌تنی، موضوع مهم مربوط به سلامت جسم و روان است. از این رو پژوهش جهت شناسایی روش‌های درمانی مؤثر بر این اختلاات حائز اهمیت است. بنابراین هدف پژوهش مقایسه اثربخشی درمان روان‌پویشی کوتاه‌مدت فشرده و درمان وجودی بر نشانه‌ها و علائم بیماران روان‌تنی مراجعه‌کننده به بیمارستان امام خمینی تهران بود. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش­آزمون –پس­آزمون و پیگیری دوماهه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه بیماران روان‌تنی مراجعه­کننده به این بیمارستان در سال 1400 بود. تعداد 45 نفر که ملاک‌های ورود به پژوهش را داشتند به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه روان‌درمانی پویشی، درمان وجودی و کنترل گمارده شدند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه شکایات روان‌تنی تاکاتا و ساکاتا (2004) بود که در سه مرحله پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون و پیگیری توسط هر سه گروه تکمیل شد. همچنین پروتکل‌های روان‌پویشی و درمان وجودی در گروه‌های آزمایش اجرا شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس اندازه‌گیری مکرر به کمک نرم‌افزار SPSSV19 تحلیل شد.  یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد درمان روان‌پویشی در مقایسه با درمان وجودی باعث کاهش نشانه‌ها و علائم بیماران روان‌تنی (79/11=F و 001/0=P) شد و این درمان‌اثربخش‌تر بود. نتیجه­گیری: در نهایت می­توان گفت هر دو درمان مؤثر بودند و درمان روان‌پویشی نسبت به درمان وجودی اثربخشی بیشتری داشت و لذا استفاد از این درمان‌ها می‌تواند در کاهش‌ علائم بیماران روان‌تنی کمک‌کننده باشد.   2 Background: Psychosomatic disorders are an important issue related to physical and mental health. Therefore, research is important to identify effective treatment methods for these disorders. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of intensive short-term psychodynamic therapy and existential therapy on the signs and symptoms of psychosomatic patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Materials and methods: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The research population included all psychosomatic patients referred to this hospital in 1400. 45 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups of dynamic psychotherapy, existential therapy and control. The research tool included Takata and Sakata (2004) Psychosomatic Complaints Questionnaire, which was completed by all three groups in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Also, psychodynamic and existential therapy protocols were implemented in the experimental groups. The data was analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSSV19 software. Results: The results showed that psychodynamic therapy compared to existential therapy reduced the signs and symptoms of psychosomatic patients (F=11.79 and P=0.001) and this treatment was more effective. Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that both treatments were effective, and psychodynamic therapy was more effective than existential therapy, and therefore, the use of these therapies can help in reducing the symptoms of psychosomatic patients.   393 404 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/202023/06/172023/05/82023/05/6 1402/2/16 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/212023/08/132023/07/192023/06/13 1402/3/23 زهرا ایرانی Zahra Irani دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مشاوره، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران ایران drz.irani@gmail.com رضا خاکپور Reza Khakpour استادیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران ایران Reza_khkpour@gmail.com معصومه بهبودی Masoumeh Behboodi استادیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران ایران mabebodi@gmail.com Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy Existential therapy Psychosomatic patients Imam Khomeini Hospital. واژگان کلیدی: روان‌پویشی کوتاه‌مدت فشرده درمان وجودی بیماران روان‌تنی بیمارستان امام خمینی. 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The Effect of Brief Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in Improvement of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Conflict Resolution Styles in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia. J Clin Psychol 2012; 3: 1-13. [In Persian]##Bauerei N, Obermaier S, Özünal SE, Baumeister H. Effects of existential interventions on spiritual, psychological, and physical well‐being in adult patients with cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psycho‐oncology 2018; 27: 2531-2545.##Bellver-Pérez A, Peris-Juan C, Santaballa-Beltrán A. Effectiveness of therapy group in women with localized breast cancer. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2019; 19: 107-114.‌##Abrahamsson M, Millgård M, Havstam C, Tuomi L. Effects of voice therapy: A comparison between individual and group therapy. J Voice 2018; 32: 437-442.‌##Vos J, Craig M, Cooper M. Existential therapies: a meta-analysis of their effects on psychological outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol 2015; 83: 115-122.##Admasu S, Vagrecha Y, Endalew M. Effectiveness of existential group therapy for treatment of psychological problem of cervical cancer patients. Innovare Journal of Social Sciences 2015; 2: 5-9.##Lybbert R, Ryland S, Bean R. Existential interventions for adolescent sociality: Practical interventions to target the root causes of adolescent distress. Children and Youth Services Review 2019; 100: 98-104.‌##Esmaeili Ghazi Valuei F, Ghomi M, Jamali A, Shafiee Z. Effectiveness of existential group psychotherapy on psychological well-being and distress tolerance of physical-motor disabled. Quarterly journal of social work 2017; 6: 24-34. [In Persian]##Damsgaard JB, Overgaard CL, Birkelund R. Personal recovery and depression, taking existential and social aspects into account: A struggle with institutional structures, loneliness and identity. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67: 7-14.##Dindo L, Recober A, Marchman J, O'Hara M, Turvey C. Depression and disability in migraine: The role of pain acceptance and values-based action. Int J Behav Med 2015; 22: 109-117.##Takata Y, Sakata Y. Development of a psychosomatic complaints scale for adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004; 58: 3-7.##Hajloo N. Psychometric properties of Takata and Sakata's psychosomatic complaints scale among Iranian university students. RBS 2012; 10: 204-212. [In Persian]##Shahar G. Yalom, Strenger, and the psychodynamics of inner freedom: A contribution to existential psychoanalysis. Psychoanal Psychol 2022; 39: 5-11.##Russell LA, Abbass AA, Allder SJ, Kisely S, Pohlmann-Eden B, Town JM. A pilot study of reduction in healthcare costs following the application of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for psychogenic no epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behavior 2016; 63: 17-19.##Takasaki K, Stransky AD, Miller G. Psychogenic no epileptic seizures: Diagnosis, management, and bioethics. Pediatr Neurol 2016; 62: 3-8.##Okur Güney ZE, Sattel H, Witthöft M, Henningsen P. Emotion regulation in patients with somatic symptom and related disorders: A systematic review. PloS One 2019; 14: e0217277.##Carrozzino D, Bech P, Patierno C, Onofrj M, Morberg BM, Thomas A, et al. Somatization in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78: 18-26.##Kumar NN, Panchaksharappa MG, Annigeri RG. Psychosomatic disorders: An overview for oral physician. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2016; 28: 24-29.‌##Sandler H, Fendel U, Peters E, Rose M, Bösel R, Klapp BF. Subjective experience of relaxation-induced by vibroacoustic stimulation by a Body Monochord or CD music-a randomised, controlled study in patients with psychosomatic disorders. Nordic J Music Ther 2017; 26: 79-98.‌##Maulina VVR, Yogo M, & Ohira H. Somatic Symptoms: Association among Affective State, Subjective Body Perception, and Spiritual Belief in Japan and Indonesia. Front Psychol 2022; 13-25.##Taycan O, Özdemir A, Taycan SE. Alexithymia and somatization in depressed patients: The role of the type of somatic symptom attribution. Arch Neuropsychiatr 2017; 54: 99-104.‌##Solbakken OA, Abbass A. Symptom-and personality disorder changes in intensive short-term dynamic residential treatment for treatment-resistant anxiety and depressive disorders. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2016; 28: 257-271.‌##Ajilchi B, Kisely S, Nejati V, Frederickson J. Effects of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on social cognition in major depression. J Mental Health 2020; 29: 40-44.##Beeber AR. A brief history of Davanloo's intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Curr Psychiatry Rev 2018; 14: 131-40.‌##Abbass AA, Kisely SR, Town JM, Leichsenring F, Driessen E, De Maat S, et al. Short‐term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 1: 25-36.‌##Abbass AA, & Town JM. Alliance rupture‐repair processes in intensive short‐term dynamic psychotherapy: Working with resistance. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77: 398-413.‌##Abbass AA, Town JM. Key clinical processes in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy 2013; 50: 433-437.##‌Davanloo H. Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: extended major direct access to the unconscious. European Psychotherapy 2001; 2: 25-70.##Ten Have-De Labije J, Neborsky RJ, eds. Mastering intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: a roadmap to the unconscious. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge; 2018.##Fonagy P. The effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies: An update. World Psychiatry 2015; 14: 137-150.‌##Heshmati R, Javadpour S, HajiSaghati R, Haollahzadeh S. The effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) an emotional suppression and negative affect in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a single-subject study. J Res Psychopathol. 2021; 2: 31-39.##Faramarzi M, Azad-Fallah P, Farahani H. The Effect of Brief Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in Improvement of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Conflict Resolution Styles in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia. J Clin Psychol 2012; 3: 1-13. [In Persian]##Bauerei N, Obermaier S, Özünal SE, Baumeister H. Effects of existential interventions on spiritual, psychological, and physical well‐being in adult patients with cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psycho‐oncology 2018; 27: 2531-2545.##Bellver-Pérez A, Peris-Juan C, Santaballa-Beltrán A. Effectiveness of therapy group in women with localized breast cancer. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2019; 19: 107-114.‌##Abrahamsson M, Millgård M, Havstam C, Tuomi L. Effects of voice therapy: A comparison between individual and group therapy. J Voice 2018; 32: 437-442.‌##Vos J, Craig M, Cooper M. Existential therapies: a meta-analysis of their effects on psychological outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol 2015; 83: 115-122.##Admasu S, Vagrecha Y, Endalew M. Effectiveness of existential group therapy for treatment of psychological problem of cervical cancer patients. Innovare Journal of Social Sciences 2015; 2: 5-9.##Lybbert R, Ryland S, Bean R. Existential interventions for adolescent sociality: Practical interventions to target the root causes of adolescent distress. Children and Youth Services Review 2019; 100: 98-104.‌##Esmaeili Ghazi Valuei F, Ghomi M, Jamali A, Shafiee Z. Effectiveness of existential group psychotherapy on psychological well-being and distress tolerance of physical-motor disabled. Quarterly journal of social work 2017; 6: 24-34. [In Persian]##Damsgaard JB, Overgaard CL, Birkelund R. Personal recovery and depression, taking existential and social aspects into account: A struggle with institutional structures, loneliness and identity. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67: 7-14.##Dindo L, Recober A, Marchman J, O'Hara M, Turvey C. Depression and disability in migraine: The role of pain acceptance and values-based action. Int J Behav Med 2015; 22: 109-117.##Takata Y, Sakata Y. Development of a psychosomatic complaints scale for adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004; 58: 3-7.##Hajloo N. Psychometric properties of Takata and Sakata's psychosomatic complaints scale among Iranian university students. RBS 2012; 10: 204-212. [In Persian]##Shahar G. Yalom, Strenger, and the psychodynamics of inner freedom: A contribution to existential psychoanalysis. Psychoanal Psychol 2022; 39: 5-11.##Russell LA, Abbass AA, Allder SJ, Kisely S, Pohlmann-Eden B, Town JM. A pilot study of reduction in healthcare costs following the application of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for psychogenic no epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behavior 2016; 63: 17-19.##Takasaki K, Stransky AD, Miller G. Psychogenic no epileptic seizures: Diagnosis, management, and bioethics. Pediatr Neurol 2016; 62: 3-8.## ##

عوامل انگیزه ساز و بازدارنده شرکت در تحقیقات دانشجویی از دیدگاه دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آزاد اسلامی تهران Motivating and inhibiting factors of participating in student research from the perspective of students of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences 1 1 سابقه و هدف: انجام پژوهش های علمی و کاربردی زمینه ساز تولید دانش و عرضه خدمات متعاقب آن است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی  دیدگاه دانشجویان در رابطه با عوامل انگیزه ساز و بازدارنده شرکت در تحقیقات دانشجویی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آزاد اسلامی تهران در سال 1400 انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی بر روی  215 نفر از دانشجویان دانشکده های پیراپزشکی  که به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند، انجام شد. گردآوری داده­ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. روایی محتوای پرسشنامه با CVR (99/0) و CVI (79/0)  و پایایی با آلفای کرونباخ (891/0) تایید گردید. تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم افزار 26 spss صورت گرفت.  یافته­ها: عوامل انگیزه­ساز فردی و سازمانی به ترتیب با 8/39  و50 درصد، و عوامل بازدارنده فردی و سازمانی به ترتیب با 4/57 و 9/48 درصد، بیشترین سهم را داشتند. مهم­ترین عوامل انگیزه ساز  فردی "علاقه به تحقیق و پژوهش" و در بعد سازمانی "در نظر گرفتن امتیاز برای دانشجو " به دست آمد و مهم­ترین عوامل بازدارنده فردی و سازمانی به ترتیب "مشغله زیاد (کمبود وقت)" و " ناکافی بودن امتیازات برای دانشجوی محقق" شناسایی شدند. بین رشته تحصیلی دانشجویان و نمره کل عوامل انگیزه ساز ارتباط آماری معنی­داری در سطح 05/0 وجود داشت. متغیر های سن، جنسیت، تاهل، ترم تحصیلی و رشته تحصیلی ارتباط معنی­داری با عوامل بازدارنده نداشت. نتیجه­گیری: با تمرکز بر ایجاد انگیزه و رفع موانع ذکر شده میتوان بهره وری پژوهش های دانشجویی را ارتقا داد. 2 Background: Conducting scientific and applied research is the foundation of knowledge production and the subsequent supply of services. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the students' point of view regarding the motivational and inhibiting factors of participation in student research at Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, 2021. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 215 paramedical faculty students who were selected by simple random method. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with CVR (0.99) and CVI (0.79) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (0.891). Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 software. Results: Individual and organizational motivating factors had the most contribution with 50.8 and 39.8 percent respectively, and individual and organizational inhibiting factors with 57.4 and 48.9 percent respectively. The most important personal motivating factors were "interest in research" and in the organizational dimension "considering points for the student"; and the most important individual and organizational inhibiting factors were "too much work (lack of time)" and "insufficient points for the student researcher" respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between students' field of study and the total score of motivating factors (p<0.05). Age, gender, marriage status, academic semester and field of study had no significant relationship with the inhibiting factors. Conclusion: By focusing on creating motivation and removing the mentioned obstacles, the productivity of student research can be improved.   405 413 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/202023/06/172023/05/82023/05/62023/02/10 1401/11/21 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/212023/08/132023/07/192023/06/132023/06/26 1402/4/5 حنانه صابور Hananeh Saboor دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری داخلی - جراحی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی،علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران hananeh.saboor@yahoo.com مهراندخت نکاوند Mehrandokht Nekavand استادیار گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران m.nekavand@srbiau.ac.ir شهلا محمدزاده زرنکش Shahla Mohamadzadeh Zarankesh استادیار گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران shmohammadzadeh@iautmu.ac.ir Motivating factors Inhibiting factors Student research عوامل انگیزه ساز عوامل بازدارنده تحقیقات دانشجویی Dadipoor S, Ramezankhani A, Aghamolaei T, Safari-Moradabadi A. Barriers to research activities as perceived by medical university students: A cross-sectional study. Avicenna J Med 2019;9:8-14.##El Achi D, Al Hakim L, Makki M, Mokaddem M, Khalil PA, Kaafarani BR, et al. Perception, attitude, practice and barriers towards medical research among undergraduate students. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:195.##Sotodeh Asl N, Ghorbani R, Rashidy-Pour A. Restrictive Factors in Medical Research in the Viewpoint of Students of Medical Sciences University of Semnan. Koomesh J 2015;17:267-76. [In Persian]##Safranková JM, Sikyr M. The study of university students' motivation. Int J Teach Edu 2016;4:48-59##Marais DL, Kotlowitz J, Willems B, Barsdorf NW, van Schalkwyk S. Perceived enablers and constraints of motivation to conduct undergraduate research in a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences: What role does choice play? PLoS One 2019;14:e0212873.##Morales DX, Grineski SE, Collins TW. Increasing Research Productivity in Undergraduate Research Experiences: Exploring Predictors of Collaborative Faculty-Student Publications. CBE Life Sci Educ 2017;16:42.##Daniels H, Grineski SE, Collins TW, Morales DX, Morera O, Echegoyen L. Factors Influencing Student Gains from Undergraduate Research Experiences at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. CBE Life Sci Educ 2016 ;15:30.##Iqbal M, Jalal S, Mahmood MK. Factors Influencing Research Culture in Public Universities of Punjab: Faculty Members' Perspective. Bulletin Edu Res 2018;40:187-200##Mokhtari R, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Yazdani-Darki M. Barriers to student research from the perspectives of nursing, health, and medical sciences students: A cross-sectional study. Nursing and Midwifery Studies 2019;8:97. [In Persian]##Gonda SN. A study on academic motivation of university students [MS Thesis]. Kenya: United States International University-Africa; 2017.##Anbari Z, Jadidi RA. Comparing of Barriers to Research Activities among Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, and Appropriate Strategies for Student Research Management. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2013;13:435-48. [In Persian]##Sereshti M, Kazemian A, Daris F. Research barriers from the viewpoint of faculty members and employees of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Edu Str Med Sci 2010;3:51-7. [In Persian]##Mazloomy Mahmodabad S, Hosseini P, Abbasi Shavazi M, Mirzaei Alavijeh M, Rezaei F. A Survey of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Students' Opinions about Research Barriers during University Training. Edu J 2013;6:63-70. [In Persian]##Mazloomymahmoodabad SS, Asadian A, Sotoudeh A. Research Barriers from the Boy Students' Viewpoint of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Development Strategies in Medical Education 2017;4:39-4. [In Persian]##Asadi F, Zarghi M, Mazroei M, Bahador F. Investigating the Causes of Health Study Barriers from the Views of Paramedical Students. Health Res J 2020;5:103-9. [In Persian]##Nikrooz L, Rouzitalab M, Rayegan Shirazi AR, Naghizadeh MM, Taghavi F. Student research projects inhibiting factors from the students perspective. Fasa Uni Med Sci J 2012;2:113-9. [In Persian]##Mahbobi rad M, Mobini Lotfabad M, Khodadadi H, Mazare l, Rezaeian M. Investigating the Research Barriers from the Perspective of Undergraduate Students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2019: A Short Report. JRUMS 2021;20:477-84. [In Persian]##Nguyen Q. Factors Influencing the research productivity of academics at the research-oriented university in Vietnam [PhD Dissertation]. Queensland, Australia: School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University; 2015.##Khosravi R, Kafizadeh M. Investigating the relationship between active teaching methods and enhanced motivation towards research in students. Edu Res 2011;6:29-56. [In Persian]##Rezaee A, Ghadam-Poor E-o, Pasha Sharifi H. A model for initiating interest and motive to doing study and research: Investigating its effectiveness among guidance school students. Edu Innov 2008;7:151-86. [In Persian]##Salehi M, Saeidi P, Jabbary N, Kazemi Malekmahmoudi M, Kazemi Malekmahmoudi S. The Research barriers at University from students' point of view in Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Edu Dev Judishapur 2016;7:84-93.9. [In Persian]##Safari-Moradabadi A, Ramezankhani A, Aghamolaei T, Hosseini M, Dadipoor S. Students Viewpoint about Barriers to doing research in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. RME 2017;9:9-1. [In Persian]##Taheri S, Nazemisalman B, Faghihzadeh S, Rahbar J, Asgharnejad B. Study of barriers to research from Zanjan University of Medical Sciences students' point of view in 2016. J Med Edu Dev 2018;65:10-77. [In Persian]##Hakkak M, Hozni S, Morovati H, Akhlaghi T. Research Diagnosis in Postgraduate Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Res Med Edu 2018;10:46-57. [In Persian]##Sharafoddin M, Afzal Aghaee M, Rahnama Bargard Z. Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Students Regarding Research and its Related Factors in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2018, Mashhad, Iran. Navid No 2020;22:34-43. [In Persian]##Dadipoor S, Ramezankhani A, Aghamolaei T, Safari-Moradabadi A. Barriers to research activities as perceived by medical university students: A cross-sectional study. Avicenna J Med 2019;9:8-14.##El Achi D, Al Hakim L, Makki M, Mokaddem M, Khalil PA, Kaafarani BR, et al. Perception, attitude, practice and barriers towards medical research among undergraduate students. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:195.##Sotodeh Asl N, Ghorbani R, Rashidy-Pour A. Restrictive Factors in Medical Research in the Viewpoint of Students of Medical Sciences University of Semnan. Koomesh J 2015;17:267-76. [In Persian]##Safranková JM, Sikyr M. The study of university students' motivation. Int J Teach Edu 2016;4:48-59##Marais DL, Kotlowitz J, Willems B, Barsdorf NW, van Schalkwyk S. Perceived enablers and constraints of motivation to conduct undergraduate research in a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences: What role does choice play? PLoS One 2019;14:e0212873.##Morales DX, Grineski SE, Collins TW. Increasing Research Productivity in Undergraduate Research Experiences: Exploring Predictors of Collaborative Faculty-Student Publications. CBE Life Sci Educ 2017;16:42.##Daniels H, Grineski SE, Collins TW, Morales DX, Morera O, Echegoyen L. Factors Influencing Student Gains from Undergraduate Research Experiences at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. CBE Life Sci Educ 2016 ;15:30.##Iqbal M, Jalal S, Mahmood MK. Factors Influencing Research Culture in Public Universities of Punjab: Faculty Members' Perspective. Bulletin Edu Res 2018;40:187-200##Mokhtari R, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Yazdani-Darki M. Barriers to student research from the perspectives of nursing, health, and medical sciences students: A cross-sectional study. Nursing and Midwifery Studies 2019;8:97. [In Persian]##Gonda SN. A study on academic motivation of university students [MS Thesis]. Kenya: United States International University-Africa; 2017.##Anbari Z, Jadidi RA. Comparing of Barriers to Research Activities among Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, and Appropriate Strategies for Student Research Management. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2013;13:435-48. [In Persian]##Sereshti M, Kazemian A, Daris F. Research barriers from the viewpoint of faculty members and employees of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Edu Str Med Sci 2010;3:51-7. [In Persian]##Mazloomy Mahmodabad S, Hosseini P, Abbasi Shavazi M, Mirzaei Alavijeh M, Rezaei F. A Survey of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Students' Opinions about Research Barriers during University Training. Edu J 2013;6:63-70. [In Persian]##Mazloomymahmoodabad SS, Asadian A, Sotoudeh A. Research Barriers from the Boy Students' Viewpoint of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Development Strategies in Medical Education 2017;4:39-4. [In Persian]##Asadi F, Zarghi M, Mazroei M, Bahador F. Investigating the Causes of Health Study Barriers from the Views of Paramedical Students. Health Res J 2020;5:103-9. [In Persian]##Nikrooz L, Rouzitalab M, Rayegan Shirazi AR, Naghizadeh MM, Taghavi F. Student research projects inhibiting factors from the students perspective. Fasa Uni Med Sci J 2012;2:113-9. [In Persian]##Mahbobi rad M, Mobini Lotfabad M, Khodadadi H, Mazare l, Rezaeian M. Investigating the Research Barriers from the Perspective of Undergraduate Students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2019: A Short Report. JRUMS 2021;20:477-84. [In Persian]##Nguyen Q. Factors Influencing the research productivity of academics at the research-oriented university in Vietnam [PhD Dissertation]. Queensland, Australia: School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University; 2015.##Khosravi R, Kafizadeh M. Investigating the relationship between active teaching methods and enhanced motivation towards research in students. Edu Res 2011;6:29-56. [In Persian]##Rezaee A, Ghadam-Poor E-o, Pasha Sharifi H. A model for initiating interest and motive to doing study and research: Investigating its effectiveness among guidance school students. Edu Innov 2008;7:151-86. [In Persian]##Salehi M, Saeidi P, Jabbary N, Kazemi Malekmahmoudi M, Kazemi Malekmahmoudi S. The Research barriers at University from students' point of view in Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Edu Dev Judishapur 2016;7:84-93.9. [In Persian]##Safari-Moradabadi A, Ramezankhani A, Aghamolaei T, Hosseini M, Dadipoor S. Students Viewpoint about Barriers to doing research in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. RME 2017;9:9-1. [In Persian]##Taheri S, Nazemisalman B, Faghihzadeh S, Rahbar J, Asgharnejad B. Study of barriers to research from Zanjan University of Medical Sciences students' point of view in 2016. J Med Edu Dev 2018;65:10-77. [In Persian]##Hakkak M, Hozni S, Morovati H, Akhlaghi T. Research Diagnosis in Postgraduate Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Res Med Edu 2018;10:46-57. [In Persian]##Sharafoddin M, Afzal Aghaee M, Rahnama Bargard Z. Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Students Regarding Research and its Related Factors in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2018, Mashhad, Iran. Navid No 2020;22:34-43. [In Persian]## ##

طراحی مدل ارزیابی عملکرد بیمارستان‌ها مبتنی بر مولفه‌های کیفی (مطالعه موردی بیمارستان‌های شهر شیراز مبتنی بر اخلاق حرفه‌ای) Designing a hospital performance evaluation model based on qualitative components (A case study of Shiraz Hospitals based on professional ethics) 1 1 سابقه و هدف: یکی از پیچیده­ترین مشکلات تصمیم گیری مدیران درمانی، ارزیابی عملکرد بیمارستان­ها است. مشکل از آنجایی شروع می­شود که تنها کمیت مبنای تصمیم قرار می­گیرد و به کیفیت آنچنان اهمیت داده نمی­شود. طراحی راه حل ریاضی برای ارزیابی مولفه­های کیفی با انتخاب اخلاق حرفه­ای پزشکی، خلا ارزیابی را در محیط درمانی با مولفه کیفی برطرف می­کند که در این پژوهش بدان پرداختیم. روش بررسی: با ترکیب 4 مدل DEA، DEA  وBSC   به صورت هم­زمان و آزمایشگاه ارزیابی و آزمون تصمیم گیری در جهت رسیدن به یک مدل استاندارد در مدت زمان 8 ماه تلاش شده است. جامعه کمی تمام پزشکان 37 بیمارستان خصوصی و دولتی شهر شیراز بودند که تعداد 378 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب که در نهایت  300 پرسش نامه دریافت و ورودی مدل فازی قرار گرفت.  یافته­ها: یافته نشان دادند که میانگین اخلاق حرفه­ای در بخش آموزش و رشد برابر با73/84% و در بخش فرآیندهای داخلی برابر با 09/92% و در بخش مالی برابر با 81/95% و در نهایت در بخش خدمات گیرنده برابر با 100% به دست آمدند. همچنین بیمارستان­های 1، 3، 5، 8، 12، 13، 17، 21،22،23،24،25،27،28،29،30،31،32،33،35،36 و 37 کارآمد و سایر ناکارآمد بودند. نتیجه­گیری: در ارزیابی صورت گرفته تفاوت معنی­داری بین بیمارستان­های دولتی و خصوصی در رعایت اخلاق حرفه­ای مشاهده نشد. همچنین مدل طراحی شده نشان داد که بیمارستان­هایی که کارآمد هستند، در نهایت منجر به افزایش کارآیی کلی نظام متشکل سازمانی و خدمت رسانی بهتر به بیماران خواهند شد.   2 Background: One of the most complex decision-making problems of medical managers is evaluating the performance of hospitals. The problem starts from the fact that only the quantity is the basis of the decision. Designing a mathematical solution for the evaluation of qualitative components by choosing medical professional ethics, solves the evaluation gap in the therapeutic environment with qualitative components, which we have discussed in this research. Materials and methods: By combining 4 models of DEA, DEA and BSC simultaneously and the evaluation laboratory and decision test, efforts have been made to reach a standard model in a period of 8 months. The quantitative population is all the doctors of 37 private and public hospitals in Shiraz City, 378 people were selected as a sample. Results: The findings showed that the mean professional ethics in the education and growth sector was equal to 84.73%, in the internal processes sector it was equal to 92.09%, in the financial sector it was equal to 95.81% and finally in the service recipient sector it was equal to 100%. Also, hospitals 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36 and 37 are efficient and others are ineffective. Conclusion: In the evaluation, no significant difference was observed between public and private hospitals in respect of professional ethics. Also, the designed model showed that hospitals that are efficient will ultimately lead to an increase in the overall efficiency of the organizational system and better service to patients.   414 425 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/202023/06/172023/05/82023/05/62023/02/102023/05/8 1402/2/18 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/212023/08/132023/07/192023/06/132023/06/262023/06/10 1402/3/20 مهدی گل ریزخاتمی Mehdi Golrizkhatami دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت و برنامه ریزی فرهنگی،گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی فرهنگی،دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران-دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت و برنامه ریزی فرهنگی، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی فرهنگی، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات فارس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فارس، ایران ایران mg_khatami@yahoo.com مرتضی شفیعی Morteza Shafiee دانشیار،گروه مدیریت صنعتی،دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران ایران morteza.shafiee80@yahoo.com امیر کاظمی Amir Kazemi استادیار،گروه مدیریت،دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران ایران kazemi357@yahoo.com Performance evaluation Hospital Professional ethics ارزیابی عملکرد بیمارستان اخلاق حرفه ای Zhang Y, Li L. Study on Balanced Scorecard of Commercial Bank in Performance Management System. Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Web Information Systems and Applications. China, Academy Publisher, 2009; 206-209.##Chi Sun C. A performance evaluation model by integrating fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. Expert Sys App 2010; 7745:37.##Ghalayini AM, Noble J.S. The changing basis of performance measurement. Int J Oper Prod 1996; 16: 63-80.##Neely A, Bourne M. Why measurement initiatives fail. Measuring Business Excellence 2000;4: 3-7.##Creamer G, Freund Y. Learning a board Balanced Scorecard to improve corporate performance. Decis Support Syst 2010; 49: 365-85.##Kraus K, Lind J. The impact of the corporate balanced scorecard on corporate control A research note. Manag Account Res 2010;21: 265-77.##Huang H.C. Designing a knowledge-based system for strategic planning: A balanced scorecard perspective. Expert Sys App 2009;36: 209-18.##Kaplan R.S, Norton D. Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Bus Rev 1996;74: 75-85.##Fontela E, Gabus A. Current Perceptions of the World Problematique. In: Churchman CW, Mason RO, ed. World Modelling: A Dialogue. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company; 1976.##Tamura H, Akazawa K. Stochastic DEMATEL for struc-tural modeling of a complex problematique for realizing safe, secure and reliable society. J Telecommun Inform 2005;4:139-46.##Banker RD, Charnes A, Cooper WW. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Manage Sci 1984; 30:1078-1092##Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Navabakhs M, Tehranian, A, Rostamy-Malkhalifeh M, et al. Ranking bank branches with interval data the application of DEA. International Mathematical Forum 2007;2: 429-440.##Barzegarinegad A, Jahanshahloo GR, Rostamy-Malkhalifeh M. A full ranking for decision making units using ideal and anti-ideal points in DEA. Sci World J 2014:1-8.##Soleimanidamaneh M. Fuzzy upper bounds and their applications. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2008;186:786-800.##Medori D, Steeple D. A framework for auditing and enhancing performance measurement systems. Int J Oper Prod 2000;20: 520-33.##The Blackwell Ethics in Medicine. University of Washington, School of Medicine:1998.##Rhodes R, Francis LP, Silver A. The Blackwell Guide to Medical Ethics. Philadelphia: Blackwell publishing; 2007.##Schneide Gregor W, Snell L. C.A.R.E. An approach for teaching ethics in medicine. Soc sci Med 2000; 51:1563-67.##Charon R, Fox RC. Critiques and remedies: medical students call for change in ethics teaching. JAMA 1995;274:767, 771.##Martinez SA. Reforming medical ethics education. J Law Med Ethics 2002;30:452-4.##Huijer M, van Leeuwen E, Boenink A, Kimsma G. Medical students' cases as an empirical basis for teaching clinical ethics. Acad Med 2000;75:834-9.##Asai A, Kishino M, Fukui T, Masano T. Postgraduate education in medical ethics in Japan. Med Educ 1998;32:100-4.##Miles SH, Lane LW, Bickel J, Walker RM, Cassel CK. Medical ethics education: coming of age. Acad Med 1989;64:705-14.##Fox E, Arnold RM, Brody B. Medical ethics education: past, present, and future. Acad Med 1995 Sep;70:761-9.##Singer PA. Recent advances. Medical ethics. BMJ 2000;321:282-5.##Tysinger JW, Klonis LK, Sadler JZ, Wagner JM. Teaching ethics using small-group, problem-based learning. J Med Ethics 1997;23:315-8.##Self DJ, Olivarez M, Baldwin DC Jr. The amount of small-group case-study discussion needed to improve moral reasoning skills of medical students. Acad Med 1998;73:521-3.##Wood DF. Problem based learning. BMJ 2003;326:328-30.##Jones AH. Narrative based medicine: narrative in medical ethics. BMJ 1999;318:253-6##Carson AM. That's another story: narrative methods and ethical practice. J Med Ethics 2001;27:198-202.##Shafiee M, Saleh H. Evaluation of Strategic Performance with Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis. Int J Data Envelopment Analysis 2019; 7:4.##Shafiee M, Hosseinzadeh F, HildaSaleh L. Supply chain performance evaluation with data envelopment analysis and balanced scorecard approach. Appl Math Model 2014; 38: 21-22.##Cook WD, Hababou M, Tuenter HJ. Multicomponent efficiency measurement and shared inputs in data envelopment analysis: an application to sales and service performance in bank branches, J Product Anal 2000; 14:209-24.##Ghanbari S, Ardalan M, Beheshti rad R, Soltan zadeh V. Professional Ethics of Faculty Members and Their Relationship with the Quality of Higher Education. J Ethics Sci Tech 2016;10:40-50.##Lawson AD. What is medical ethics? Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 2011;1: 3-6.##Zhang Y, Li L. Study on Balanced Scorecard of Commercial Bank in Performance Management System. Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Web Information Systems and Applications. China, Academy Publisher, 2009; 206-209.##Chi Sun C. A performance evaluation model by integrating fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. Expert Sys App 2010; 7745:37.##Ghalayini AM, Noble J.S. The changing basis of performance measurement. Int J Oper Prod 1996; 16: 63-80.##Neely A, Bourne M. Why measurement initiatives fail. Measuring Business Excellence 2000;4: 3-7.##Creamer G, Freund Y. Learning a board Balanced Scorecard to improve corporate performance. Decis Support Syst 2010; 49: 365-85.##Kraus K, Lind J. The impact of the corporate balanced scorecard on corporate control A research note. Manag Account Res 2010;21: 265-77.##Huang H.C. Designing a knowledge-based system for strategic planning: A balanced scorecard perspective. Expert Sys App 2009;36: 209-18.##Kaplan R.S, Norton D. Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Bus Rev 1996;74: 75-85.##Fontela E, Gabus A. Current Perceptions of the World Problematique. In: Churchman CW, Mason RO, ed. World Modelling: A Dialogue. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company; 1976.##Tamura H, Akazawa K. Stochastic DEMATEL for struc-tural modeling of a complex problematique for realizing safe, secure and reliable society. J Telecommun Inform 2005;4:139-46.##Banker RD, Charnes A, Cooper WW. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Manage Sci 1984; 30:1078-1092##Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Navabakhs M, Tehranian, A, Rostamy-Malkhalifeh M, et al. Ranking bank branches with interval data the application of DEA. International Mathematical Forum 2007;2: 429-440.##Barzegarinegad A, Jahanshahloo GR, Rostamy-Malkhalifeh M. A full ranking for decision making units using ideal and anti-ideal points in DEA. Sci World J 2014:1-8.##Soleimanidamaneh M. Fuzzy upper bounds and their applications. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2008;186:786-800.##Medori D, Steeple D. A framework for auditing and enhancing performance measurement systems. Int J Oper Prod 2000;20: 520-33.##The Blackwell Ethics in Medicine. University of Washington, School of Medicine:1998.##Rhodes R, Francis LP, Silver A. The Blackwell Guide to Medical Ethics. Philadelphia: Blackwell publishing; 2007.##Schneide Gregor W, Snell L. C.A.R.E. An approach for teaching ethics in medicine. Soc sci Med 2000; 51:1563-67.##Charon R, Fox RC. Critiques and remedies: medical students call for change in ethics teaching. JAMA 1995;274:767, 771.##Martinez SA. Reforming medical ethics education. J Law Med Ethics 2002;30:452-4.##Huijer M, van Leeuwen E, Boenink A, Kimsma G. Medical students' cases as an empirical basis for teaching clinical ethics. Acad Med 2000;75:834-9.##Asai A, Kishino M, Fukui T, Masano T. Postgraduate education in medical ethics in Japan. Med Educ 1998;32:100-4.##Miles SH, Lane LW, Bickel J, Walker RM, Cassel CK. Medical ethics education: coming of age. Acad Med 1989;64:705-14.##Fox E, Arnold RM, Brody B. Medical ethics education: past, present, and future. Acad Med 1995 Sep;70:761-9.##Singer PA. Recent advances. Medical ethics. BMJ 2000;321:282-5.##Tysinger JW, Klonis LK, Sadler JZ, Wagner JM. Teaching ethics using small-group, problem-based learning. J Med Ethics 1997;23:315-8.##Self DJ, Olivarez M, Baldwin DC Jr. The amount of small-group case-study discussion needed to improve moral reasoning skills of medical students. Acad Med 1998;73:521-3.##Wood DF. Problem based learning. BMJ 2003;326:328-30.##Jones AH. Narrative based medicine: narrative in medical ethics. BMJ 1999;318:253-6##Carson AM. That's another story: narrative methods and ethical practice. J Med Ethics 2001;27:198-202.##Shafiee M, Saleh H. Evaluation of Strategic Performance with Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis. Int J Data Envelopment Analysis 2019; 7:4.##Shafiee M, Hosseinzadeh F, HildaSaleh L. Supply chain performance evaluation with data envelopment analysis and balanced scorecard approach. Appl Math Model 2014; 38: 21-22.##Cook WD, Hababou M, Tuenter HJ. Multicomponent efficiency measurement and shared inputs in data envelopment analysis: an application to sales and service performance in bank branches, J Product Anal 2000; 14:209-24.##Ghanbari S, Ardalan M, Beheshti rad R, Soltan zadeh V. Professional Ethics of Faculty Members and Their Relationship with the Quality of Higher Education. J Ethics Sci Tech 2016;10:40-50.##Lawson AD. What is medical ethics? Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 2011;1: 3-6.## ##

بررسی مقایسه‌ای تاثیر تماس پوستی کوتاه مدت شکمی و هم آغوشی (کانگورویی) مادر و نوزاد بر افسردگی مادر Comparative of maternal-neonate abdominal contact and kangaroo Short-term skin contact on maternal depression 1 1 سابقه و هدف: مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر تماس پوستی کوتاه مدت هم آغوشی (کانگورویی) و شکمی مادر و نوزاد بر افسردگی پس از زایمان مادران بستری در بیمارستان­های تربت حیدریه انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی یک سوکور در سال1397بر روی 68 زن باردار واجد شرایط در تربت حیدریه انجام شد. افراد به طور تصادفی در دو گروه مداخله (تماس پوستی هم آغوشی یا کانگورویی) و گروه شاهد (تماس پوستی شکمی) قرار گرفتند. پرسش­نامه­های اطلاعات دموگرافیک و باروری و طبی، اطلاعات مربوط به مراحل اول، دوم و سوم زایمان، و پرسش­نامه­­ سنجش افسردگی زونگ برای هر دو گروه بلافاصله و دو ماه پس از زایمان تکمیل شد. تحلیل با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 13 و آزمون­های مجذور‌کای، تی‌مستقل و من‌ویتنی انجام شد. میزانp  کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.  یافته­ها: در بدو تولد بین دو گروه تماس پوستی کوتاه مدت هم آغوشی(کانگورویی) و تماس پوستی کوتاه مدت شکمی، تفاوت آماری معنی داری از نظر میانگین نمره افسردگی (7/0P=) وجود نداشت. هم­چنین 2 ماه پس از تولد، میانگین نمره افسردگی بین دو گروه تفاوتی نداشت (1/0=P). از نظر شدت افسردگی نیز در بدو تولد (7/0P=) و 2 ماه پس از تولد (4/0P=)، بین دو گروه تفاوت آماری معنی­داری وجود نداشت. نتیجه­گیری: تماس پوستی کوتاه مدت هم آغوشی (کانگورویی) بر افسردگی مادر تاثیری ندارد و برای نتیجه­گیری بهتر باید زمان آن افزایش یابد.   2 Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal-neonate abdominal and kangaroo short-term skin contact on maternal depression in mothers hospitalized in Torbat Heydariyeh hospitals. Materials and methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 68 eligible pregnant women in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh in 2018. The subjects were randomly divided into two intervention groups (kangaroo skin contact) and control group (abdominal skin contact). Demographics, fertility, and medical information, information about the first, second and third stages of labor and Zong depression questionnaire were completed for both groups immediately and two months after delivery. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 13 by chi-square, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney tests. P- value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: At birth, there was no significant difference in mean of depression scores between the two groups in short-term skin contact (kangaroo) and short-term abdominal skin contact (p= 0.7). Also, 2 months after birth, the mean depression score was not different between the two groups (P= 0.1). There was no significant difference in the severity of depression at birth (P= 0.7) and 2 months after birth (P= 0.4). Conclusion: Kangaroo short-term skin contact does not affect maternal depression, so its time should be increased for better conclusions.   426 434 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/202023/06/172023/05/82023/05/62023/02/102023/05/82023/03/21 1402/1/1 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/212023/08/132023/07/192023/06/132023/06/262023/06/102023/07/19 1402/4/28 محدثه عادلی Mohadese Adeli دکتری بهداشت باروری، گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران ایران adelim1@thums.ac.ir مریم آرادمهر Maryam Aradmehr گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران ایران Maryam.aradmehr@yahoo.com اکرم اشرفی زاده Akram Ashrafi Zaveh بیمارستان امام حسین، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران ایران ashrafizaveh@yahoo.com عباس قدرتی تربیتی Abbas Ghodrati Torbati گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران ایران Skin contact Kangaroo contact Postpartum depression تماس پوستی تماس کانگورویی افسردگی پس از زایمان. 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[In Persian]##Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Fathi F, Razzag S. Predictors of maternal functional status during postpartum period. Hayat 2021; 26:396-408. [In Persian]##Zolfaghari F, Heydari Z, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Araban M. Determinants of Postpartum Depression According to the World Health Organization Model: A Review of Literature. J Health Syst Res 2020; 16: 284-96.##Abdollahi F, Zarghami M. Quality of Life and Related Factors in Women with and Without Postpartum Depression. J of Guilan University of Med Sci 2019; 28:1-12. [In Persian]##Ahn HY, Lee J, Shin H-J. Kangaroo care on premature infant growth and maternal attachment and post-partum depression in South Korea. J Trop Pediatr 2010; 56:342-4.##Bigelow A, Power M, MacLellan‐Peters J, Alex M, McDonald C. Effect of mother/infant skin‐to‐skin contact on postpartum depressive symptoms and maternal physiological stress. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012; 41:369-82.##Araujo KEAS, Santos CC, Caminha MFC, Silva SL, Pereira JCN, Batista Filho M. Skin to skin contact and the early initiation of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study. Texto Contexto Enferm 2021;30.##Sadr Z, Rampisheh Z, Mohaghaghy P, Elmi L. Advantage mother-neonate skin-to-skin contact in exclusive breastfeeding: A clinical trial. Razi J Med Sci 2021; 28:75-83. [In Persian]##Eslaminia T, Kaviani M, Akbarzadeh M. The Effect of Skin Contact on Maternal-infant Attachment Behaviors in Emotional, Proximity-seeking, and Caretaking Dimensions in Planned and Unplanned Pregnancies in 2017, Iran: A Research. Curr Women's Health Rev 2020;16: 206-213.‌##Khadivzadeh T, Karimi F, Tara F. Effects of early mother-neonate skin-to-skin contact on the duration of the third stage of labor: A randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2018; 21: 23-29.##Athanasopoulou E, Fox JR. Effects of kangaroo mother care on maternal mood and interaction patterns between parents and their preterm, low birth weight infants: a systematic review. Infant Ment Health J 2014; 35:245-62.##Haghshenas Mojaveri M, Akbarian Rad Z, Shafipour Z, Alizadeh Rokni S, Valizadeh F. Duration of kangaroo mother care and weight gain in very low birth weight preterm infant. Tehran Univ Med J 2018; 75: 833-838. [In Persian]##Oruç M, Kamile K. The relationship between maternal function and maternal attachment of women during the postpartum period. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2021: 1-11.‌##Cong S, Wang R, Fan X, Song X, Sha L, Zhu Z, et al. Skin‐to‐skin contact to improve premature mothers' anxiety and stress state: A meta‐analysis. Matern. Child Nutr 2021; 17: e13245.##Aydogan Kirmizi D, Başer E, Demir Çaltekin M, Onat T, Kara M, Yalvac ES. Behaviors and Attitudes of Obstetricians in Turkey Related to Cord Clamping, Cord Milking, and Skin-To-Skin Contact. Cureus 2021;13:e16227.##Vakilian K. Impact of Kangaroo mother care immediately after birth on mother's attachment behaviors at one and three months after birth. Nurs research J 2009; 4: 7-14.##Saatsaz S, Rezaei R, Sharifnia H, Kheirkhah F, Moulookzadeh S, Haji Hosseini F. Effect of mother and newborn skin to skin contact on postpartum blues. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2011; 13:59-65. [In Persian]##Habibpoor Z. Relationship between mental image and body mass index and depression in high school students in Isfahan [Dissertation]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 2003. [In Persian]##Safaralizadeh F, Partovazam H, habibpoor Z. The correlation between depression and body mass index in female teenagers of khoy during year 2009. Quarterly of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery and Paramedicine, Rafsanjan 2010; 5:17-24.##Behdarvandi, M., Azarbarzin, M., Baraz, S. Comparison of Body Image and its Relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in High School Students of Ahvaz, Iran. Int J Pediatr 2017; 5: 4353-4360.##Cooijmans KH, Beijers R, Rovers AC, de Weerth C. Effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact versus care-as-usual in mothers and their full-term infants: study protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:154.##Mörelius E, Örtenstrand A, Theodorsson E, Frostell A. A randomised trial of continuous skin-to-skin contact after preterm birth and the effects on salivary cortisol, parental stress, depression, and breastfeeding. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:63-70.##deAlencar AE, Arraes LC, de Albuquerque EC, Alves JG. Effect of kangaroo mother care on postpartum depression. J Trop Pediatr 2009; 55:36-8.##Dombrowski MAS, Anderson GC, Santori C, Burkhammer M. Kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care with a postpartum woman who felt depressed. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2001; 26:214-6.##deMacedo EC, Cruvinel F, Lukasova K, D'Antino MEF. The mood variation in mothers of preterm infants in Kangaroo mother care and conventional incubator care. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53:344-6.##Feldman R, Eidelman AI, Sirota L, Weller A. Comparison of skin-to-skin (kangaroo) and traditional care: parenting outcomes and preterm infant development. Pediatrics 2002; 110:16-26.##Ghazanfari N, Khademi A, Mahmoud Alilou M, Etemadinia M, Dousti R. The Effectiveness of a One-day Workshop Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Rumination and Interactive Quality of Women with Postpartum Depressive Disorder. JHC 2023; 25 :7-18. [In Persian]##Corrigan CP, Kwasky AN, Groh CJ. Social support, postpartum depression, and professional assistance: A survey of mothers in the Midwestern United States. J Perinat Educ 2015; 24:48-60.##Hosseinzadeh H, Alimoradi S, Razavi BM. Antidepressant effect of aqueous and ethanolic leave extracts of Lippia citriodora on postpartum depression in mice. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2021; 24: 1-9. [In Persian]##Pakdaman V, Bahaoddini H, Pourmoosavi M, Tavakkoli S. Evaluation of postpartum depression and neonatal Apgar score in normal delivery with analgesia and normal delivery without analgesia. J Iran Soci Anaesth ICU 2021; 44:14-23. [In Persian]##Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Fathi F, Razzag S. Predictors of maternal functional status during postpartum period. Hayat 2021; 26:396-408. [In Persian]##Zolfaghari F, Heydari Z, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Araban M. Determinants of Postpartum Depression According to the World Health Organization Model: A Review of Literature. J Health Syst Res 2020; 16: 284-96.##Abdollahi F, Zarghami M. Quality of Life and Related Factors in Women with and Without Postpartum Depression. J of Guilan University of Med Sci 2019; 28:1-12. [In Persian]##Ahn HY, Lee J, Shin H-J. Kangaroo care on premature infant growth and maternal attachment and post-partum depression in South Korea. J Trop Pediatr 2010; 56:342-4.##Bigelow A, Power M, MacLellan‐Peters J, Alex M, McDonald C. Effect of mother/infant skin‐to‐skin contact on postpartum depressive symptoms and maternal physiological stress. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012; 41:369-82.##Araujo KEAS, Santos CC, Caminha MFC, Silva SL, Pereira JCN, Batista Filho M. Skin to skin contact and the early initiation of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study. Texto Contexto Enferm 2021;30.##Sadr Z, Rampisheh Z, Mohaghaghy P, Elmi L. Advantage mother-neonate skin-to-skin contact in exclusive breastfeeding: A clinical trial. Razi J Med Sci 2021; 28:75-83. [In Persian]##Eslaminia T, Kaviani M, Akbarzadeh M. The Effect of Skin Contact on Maternal-infant Attachment Behaviors in Emotional, Proximity-seeking, and Caretaking Dimensions in Planned and Unplanned Pregnancies in 2017, Iran: A Research. Curr Women's Health Rev 2020;16: 206-213.‌##Khadivzadeh T, Karimi F, Tara F. Effects of early mother-neonate skin-to-skin contact on the duration of the third stage of labor: A randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2018; 21: 23-29.##Athanasopoulou E, Fox JR. Effects of kangaroo mother care on maternal mood and interaction patterns between parents and their preterm, low birth weight infants: a systematic review. Infant Ment Health J 2014; 35:245-62.##Haghshenas Mojaveri M, Akbarian Rad Z, Shafipour Z, Alizadeh Rokni S, Valizadeh F. Duration of kangaroo mother care and weight gain in very low birth weight preterm infant. Tehran Univ Med J 2018; 75: 833-838. [In Persian]##Oruç M, Kamile K. The relationship between maternal function and maternal attachment of women during the postpartum period. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2021: 1-11.‌##Cong S, Wang R, Fan X, Song X, Sha L, Zhu Z, et al. Skin‐to‐skin contact to improve premature mothers' anxiety and stress state: A meta‐analysis. Matern. Child Nutr 2021; 17: e13245.##Aydogan Kirmizi D, Başer E, Demir Çaltekin M, Onat T, Kara M, Yalvac ES. Behaviors and Attitudes of Obstetricians in Turkey Related to Cord Clamping, Cord Milking, and Skin-To-Skin Contact. Cureus 2021;13:e16227.##Vakilian K. Impact of Kangaroo mother care immediately after birth on mother's attachment behaviors at one and three months after birth. Nurs research J 2009; 4: 7-14.##Saatsaz S, Rezaei R, Sharifnia H, Kheirkhah F, Moulookzadeh S, Haji Hosseini F. Effect of mother and newborn skin to skin contact on postpartum blues. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2011; 13:59-65. [In Persian]##Habibpoor Z. Relationship between mental image and body mass index and depression in high school students in Isfahan [Dissertation]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 2003. [In Persian]##Safaralizadeh F, Partovazam H, habibpoor Z. The correlation between depression and body mass index in female teenagers of khoy during year 2009. Quarterly of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery and Paramedicine, Rafsanjan 2010; 5:17-24.##Behdarvandi, M., Azarbarzin, M., Baraz, S. Comparison of Body Image and its Relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in High School Students of Ahvaz, Iran. Int J Pediatr 2017; 5: 4353-4360.##Cooijmans KH, Beijers R, Rovers AC, de Weerth C. Effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact versus care-as-usual in mothers and their full-term infants: study protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:154.##Mörelius E, Örtenstrand A, Theodorsson E, Frostell A. A randomised trial of continuous skin-to-skin contact after preterm birth and the effects on salivary cortisol, parental stress, depression, and breastfeeding. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:63-70.##deAlencar AE, Arraes LC, de Albuquerque EC, Alves JG. Effect of kangaroo mother care on postpartum depression. J Trop Pediatr 2009; 55:36-8.##Dombrowski MAS, Anderson GC, Santori C, Burkhammer M. Kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care with a postpartum woman who felt depressed. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2001; 26:214-6.##deMacedo EC, Cruvinel F, Lukasova K, D'Antino MEF. The mood variation in mothers of preterm infants in Kangaroo mother care and conventional incubator care. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 53:344-6.##Feldman R, Eidelman AI, Sirota L, Weller A. Comparison of skin-to-skin (kangaroo) and traditional care: parenting outcomes and preterm infant development. Pediatrics 2002; 110:16-26.## ##

بررسی تماس‌های تلفنی ثبت شده در مراکز اطلاع رسانی داروها و سموم در ایران: یک مطالعه 4 ساله Evaluation of recorded phone calls to Iran’s Drug and Poison Information Centers: a 4 years’ study 1 1 سابقه و هدف: مراکز اطلاع رسانی داروها و سموم با هدف دسترسی آسان، معتبر و قابل اعتماد به اطلاعات دارویی و درمان مسمومیت­ها با گروه هدف عموم مردم و گروه علوم پزشکی در معاونت غذا و دارو وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی و دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی شروع به کار کرده­اند. روش بررسی: مطالعه توصیفی حاضر، بر روی داده­های جمع شده از مرکز ملی و مراکز دانشگاهی تحت هدایت ستاد مرکزی اطلاع رسانی داروها و سموم در سالهای 1390، 1391، 1392 و 1394 انجام شد.  یافته­ها: مراکز در طول این 4 سال در حدود یک میلیون تماس ثبت شده داشتند که به ترتیب 249873، 224368، 235769 و 250367 نفر در سالهای مورد مطالعه بودند. در حدود  4 %± 2/64 % از تماس گیرندگان خانم بودند. بیشترین تماس از طرف بیماران (2/1 %± 5/54 %) انجام شد. بیشترین تماس گیرندگان در بازه سنی  30-19 سال بودند و بیشتر تماس­ها با موضوع عوارض ناخواسته دارویی (ADR) انجام شد (96/0 % ± 6/15 %). نتیجه­گیری: روند افزایشی تماس­ها نشانگر افزایش نیاز عمومی به استفاده از خدمات این مراکز است. نیاز به خط جداگانه پاسخگویی برای همکاران گروه پزشکی به شدت احساس می­شود. همچنین با توجه به نوع سوالات ثبت شده،  تقویت و توسعه برنامه­های آگاهی رسانی و آموزش به بیماران و خانواده­های ایشان در زوایای مختلف دارو درمانی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. 2 Background: The Drug and Poison Information Centers (DPICs) in Iran was established as a part of Iran’s Food and Drug Deputy (FDD), supervised by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH) and in other universities of medical sciences to provide services to the scientific community and public to provide quick, easy, valid and reliable access to medication information and poisoning information. Materials and methods: This descriptive study retrospectively reviewed reported phone calls of DPICs in Iran to central division in Tehran from 2011 to 2013 and 2015. The Phone calls registered in official forms of World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The centers received about one million calls during 4 years’ study, including 249873, 224368, 235769 and 250367 cases each year. About 64.2%±4% of callers were female. Most calls were made by the patients (54.5%±1.2%). The greater number of patients who contacted to the DPICs was in age group of 19-30 years old in all years of study. Calls mostly were focused on Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) (15.6%±0.96%). Conclusion: The increasing of calls showed that need to this kind of services is increased every day, more and more. The separate line for medical staff seems necessary and it seems there are need to give public more information by their physician and pharmacist or new available digital methods 435 442 2023/05/82023/05/272023/05/102022/09/52023/06/22023/06/202023/06/172023/05/82023/05/62023/02/102023/05/82023/03/212023/08/30 1402/6/8 2023/08/62023/08/192023/06/282022/10/102023/08/132023/10/212023/08/132023/07/192023/06/132023/06/262023/06/102023/07/192023/11/19 1402/8/28 طلعت قانع Talat Ghane استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی غذا و دارو، سازمان غذا و دارو، وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، تهران، ایران ایران t.ghane@fda.gov.ir سهیلا حقگو Soheila Haghgoo دانشیار، آزمایشگاه‌های مرجع غذا و دارو، سازمان غذا و دارو، وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، تهران، ایران نوشین ادیب Nooshin Adib استادیار، آزمایشگاه‌های مرجع غذا و دارو، سازمان غذا و دارو، وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، تهران، ایران ایران nadib50@fda.gov.ir Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) Drug information (DI) Adverse drug information (ADR) Iran. مرکز اطلاع رسانی داروها و سموم (DPIC) اطلاعات دارویی (DI) عوارض ناخواسته دارویی (ADR) ایران. آall V, Gomez C, Fernandez-Llimos F. Situation of drug information centers and services in costa rica. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2006;4:1-7.##Mononen N, Järvinen R, Hämeen-Anttila K, Airaksinen M, Bonhomme C, Kleme J, et al. A national approach to medicines information research: A systematic review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018;14:1106-24.##Rosenberg JM, Koumis T, Nathan JP, Cicero LA, McGuire H. Current status of pharmacist-operated drug information centers in the United States. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:2023-32.##Rosenberg JM, Schilit S, Nathan JP, Zerilli T, McGuire H. Update on the status of 89 drug information centers in the United States. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009;66:1718-22.##Oder M, Põld K. Estonian Experience on Establishment of a Modern National Poison Information Centre: One-year Profile of Phone Calls in 2012. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2013;2:42-7.##Almazrou DA, Ali S, Alzhrani JA. Assessment of Queries Received by the Drug Information Center at King Saud Medical City. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017;9:246-50.##Churi S, Abraham L, Ramesh M, Narahari MG. Evaluation of poison information services provided by a new poison information center. Indian J Pharmacol 2013;45:496-501.##Ponampalam R, Loh CS. Cost Benefits of the Drug and Poison Information Centre in Preventing Unnecessary Hospitalisation: The Singapore Experience. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 2010;17:45.##Ghane T, Behmanesh Y, Khazei F. Annual Report of Drug and Poison Information in Iran from March 2012 to March 2013. Acta Med Iran 2016;54:525-9.##Nikfar S, Abdollahi M, Cheraghali A. Going from strength to strength; a drug and poison information centre. Essent Drugs Monit 2000;28:30-1.##Ghane T, Saberi S, Davoodabadi M. Descriptive Analysis of Recorded Phone Calls to Iran Drug and Poison Information Centers during 2011-2012. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2013;2:48-51.##Iman K, Afsaneh V, Najme T, Nazafarin H-M, Motahare M-B. Performance of Drug and Poison Information Center within a Referral University Hospital in Southwest of Iran. J Pharm Care 2018;5:22-26.##Vassilev ZP, Chu AF, Ruck B, Adams EH, Marcus SM. Evaluation of adverse drug reactions reported to a poison control center between 2000 and 2007. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009;66:481-7.##Rao PGM, Jimmy B. Assessment and evaluation of drug information services provided in a South Indian teaching hospital. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:315.##Shadnia S, Soltaninejad K, Sohrabi F, Rezvani M, Barari B, Abdollahi M. The performance of loghman-hakim drug and poison information center from 2006 to 2008. Iran J Pharm Res 2011;10:647-52.##Maruzi A, Sabbaghian-Tousi S, Karimi G, Jabbari R, Elyasi S. A Ten-year Report of Drug and Poison Information Center in Mashhad, Iran 2007-2017. Iran J Pharm Res 2021;20:e124358.##Entezari-Maleki T, Taraz M, Javadi MR, Hajimiri MH, Eslami K, Karimzadeh I, et al. A two-year utilization of the pharmacist-operated drug information center in Iran. J Res Pharm Pract 2014;3:117-22.##Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 1998;279:1200-5.##Riedl MA, Casillas AM. Adverse drug reactions: types and treatment options. Am Fam Physician 2003;68:1781-90.##Aung AK, Zubrinich CM, Goh MSY, Snyder B, Tang MJ, Khu CYL, et al. Development and application of adverse drug reactions reports QUality Algorithm (AQUA-12) score: a single-centre quality improvement initiative. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023;79:513-22.##آall V, Gomez C, Fernandez-Llimos F. Situation of drug information centers and services in costa rica. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2006;4:1-7.##Mononen N, Järvinen R, Hämeen-Anttila K, Airaksinen M, Bonhomme C, Kleme J, et al. A national approach to medicines information research: A systematic review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018;14:1106-24.##Rosenberg JM, Koumis T, Nathan JP, Cicero LA, McGuire H. Current status of pharmacist-operated drug information centers in the United States. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:2023-32.##Rosenberg JM, Schilit S, Nathan JP, Zerilli T, McGuire H. Update on the status of 89 drug information centers in the United States. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009;66:1718-22.##Oder M, Põld K. Estonian Experience on Establishment of a Modern National Poison Information Centre: One-year Profile of Phone Calls in 2012. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2013;2:42-7.##Almazrou DA, Ali S, Alzhrani JA. Assessment of Queries Received by the Drug Information Center at King Saud Medical City. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017;9:246-50.##Churi S, Abraham L, Ramesh M, Narahari MG. Evaluation of poison information services provided by a new poison information center. Indian J Pharmacol 2013;45:496-501.##Ponampalam R, Loh CS. Cost Benefits of the Drug and Poison Information Centre in Preventing Unnecessary Hospitalisation: The Singapore Experience. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 2010;17:45.##Ghane T, Behmanesh Y, Khazei F. Annual Report of Drug and Poison Information in Iran from March 2012 to March 2013. Acta Med Iran 2016;54:525-9.##Nikfar S, Abdollahi M, Cheraghali A. Going from strength to strength; a drug and poison information centre. Essent Drugs Monit 2000;28:30-1.##Ghane T, Saberi S, Davoodabadi M. Descriptive Analysis of Recorded Phone Calls to Iran Drug and Poison Information Centers during 2011-2012. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2013;2:48-51.##Iman K, Afsaneh V, Najme T, Nazafarin H-M, Motahare M-B. Performance of Drug and Poison Information Center within a Referral University Hospital in Southwest of Iran. J Pharm Care 2018;5:22-26.##Vassilev ZP, Chu AF, Ruck B, Adams EH, Marcus SM. Evaluation of adverse drug reactions reported to a poison control center between 2000 and 2007. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009;66:481-7.##Rao PGM, Jimmy B. Assessment and evaluation of drug information services provided in a South Indian teaching hospital. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:315.##Shadnia S, Soltaninejad K, Sohrabi F, Rezvani M, Barari B, Abdollahi M. The performance of loghman-hakim drug and poison information center from 2006 to 2008. Iran J Pharm Res 2011;10:647-52.##Maruzi A, Sabbaghian-Tousi S, Karimi G, Jabbari R, Elyasi S. A Ten-year Report of Drug and Poison Information Center in Mashhad, Iran 2007-2017. Iran J Pharm Res 2021;20:e124358.##Entezari-Maleki T, Taraz M, Javadi MR, Hajimiri MH, Eslami K, Karimzadeh I, et al. A two-year utilization of the pharmacist-operated drug information center in Iran. J Res Pharm Pract 2014;3:117-22.##Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 1998;279:1200-5.##Riedl MA, Casillas AM. Adverse drug reactions: types and treatment options. Am Fam Physician 2003;68:1781-90.##Aung AK, Zubrinich CM, Goh MSY, Snyder B, Tang MJ, Khu CYL, et al. Development and application of adverse drug reactions reports QUality Algorithm (AQUA-12) score: a single-centre quality improvement initiative. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023;79:513-22.## ##