Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
Time dependent effects of ischemic-reperfusion on rat’s cardiomyocytes apoptosis
119
123
FA
Yoosof
Doustar
N
Alirteza
Gorjani
N
Mehrdad
Hashemi
hashemi_mehrdad@yahoo.com
Y
Rambod
Rezapour Shahir
N
Background: The study objective was to investigate time dependent effects of ischemic- reperfusion on cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (270-330 gr) were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) and anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital (50-60 mg/kg-IP). The hearts of rats in each of three treatment groups were removed and quickly mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and perfused by a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution under constant pressure at 37ºC. During the stabilization time, 30 minute regional ischemia (which was followed with 60, 90 or 120 minute reperfusion in respective T/60min, T/90 min and T/120 min reperfusion groups) was established, while in the control group the hearts were intact. Immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic cells was performed using an in-situ cell death detection (TUNEL) kit. The positive cardiomyocytes counted in five random high power fields in each sample. Data were presented as mean±SEM for each group. Results: In the control group, the number of apoptotic cells was 1.0±0.4, while in the treatment groups of T/60min, T/90 min and T/120 min reperfusion, the corresponding numbers were 2.0±0.5, 3.0±0.3 and 6.0±0.3, respectively. Although the difference between T/60 min & T/90 min and T/60 min & control group was not significant (p>0.05), the difference between T/60 min & T/120 min (p<0.001), T/90 min & T/120 min (p<0.01), T/90 min & control (p<0.01) and T/120 min & control (p<0.001) was significant.
Conclusion: We demonstrated that the duration of ischemic-reperfusion insult can affect the apoptosis changes in cardiomyocytes.
Ischemia-reperfusion, Apoptosis, Infarction.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
The study of the effects of formaldehyde injection on testicular tissue structure of mouse
125
128
FA
Zahra
Toutian
tootianz@ut.ac.ir
Y
Mohammadtaghi
Sheybani
N
Simin
Fazelipour
N
Mehdi
Taghavi
N
Background: Formaldehyde is one of the chemicals which are widely used in different places. Considering the fact that the usage of this chemical can induce a reduction on the motility and viability of spermatozoa and/or make them abnormal, a precise study on testicular tissue structure, producing spermatozoa, seems to be necessary because no accurate study has previously been carried out on this issue.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental-quantitative investigation, a total number of 30 mice were divided into four experimental and one control groups. In this study, formaldehyde has been injected intraperitoneally at different doses for a period of time of 40 days. In order to provide the tissue specimens, the mice were initially anesthetized and after removing the testes and tissue preparing processes, the hematoxylin and eosin staining method was used and the sections of testicular tissue were studied under light microscope.
Results: Comparison to the control group, disorganization in some seminiferous tubules, cellular irregularity and reduction in density of genital cells, increasing of intertubular spaces, and confusion of interstitial tissue, discoloration and vacuolization of leydig cell cytoplasm and also a thickness in basement membrane of spernatogenic epithelium were observed in the experimental groups. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that injective formaldehyde could induce some changes in testicular tissue and also it could increase the risk of infertility.
Formaldehyde, Testicular tissue, Mouse, Infertility, Sperm.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
Evaluation of noises in neonatal intensive care unit in Mofid Children’s Hospital
129
134
FA
Farzaneh
Zonouzi
farzanehzonouzi@yahoo.com
Y
Mohammad
Ranjbarian
N
Seyed Abolfazl
Afjeie
N
Background: In neonatal intensive care unites, noises of different frequencies and intensities are made. These noises may have undesirable physiological effects on newborns. So American Academy of Pediatrics has proposed the average noise intensity to be 45 dB during the waking hours and 35 dB during the night sleep hours of newborns.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the background noise and also extra-noises made by the activities of caregivers and a variety of functioning machines in neonatal care unit of Mofid hospital were measured using sound level meter (SLM) under the trade name of B;K, both locally and generally.
Results: The sound pressure levels of all the machines are higher than the standard values. Functioning machines increase the background SPL to 6-9 dB and the activities of caregiver personnel increase it to another 2-8 dB. The background noise, particularly in frequency range of 2000 to 4000 HZ, was 5-11 dB more than the recommended levels. The SPL at the ear level of the newborns is 12-22 dB more than the recommended levels. The average SPL of neonatal noise exposure during 24 hours is as follows: The average SPL when the machines are off and personnel are working, is 64 dB and when both machines and personnel are working, is 69 dB.
Conclusion: It appears that the hospitalized newborns are exposed to sound pollution and their health may be at risk, especially with respect to their long time stay in hospitals.
Sound Pressure Level, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Noise.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
In vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of dermatophytic and saprophytic fungi to Pistacia vera\'s pericarp extract
135
140
FA
Sogol
Keivani
sougolk81@yahoo.com
Y
Firouzeh
Salamat
N
Masoud
Emami
N
Parvaneh
Adimi
N
GOlamreza
Amin
N
Backgrouns: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pistacia vera's pericarp extract on some common dermatophytic and saprophytic fungi of Iran and identifying its probable role to be used instead of chemical drugs.
Materials and Methods: After collecting pericarp of Pistacia vera, drying and making it powder, extracts were obtained by using Percolation method with methanol and n-Hexan. To evaluate the anti-fungal activity of the extract, different dilutions of the extract (30-600 mg/ml) were prepared and tested against each fungus and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was measured via disc diffusion & broth dilution methods. The tested fungi were three types of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum) and two types of saprophytes (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans).
Results: The results showed that n-Hexan extract in disc diffusion method has no significant effect on the fungi, but it could inhibit Epidermophyton floccosum growth in 337mg/ml dilution and Microsporum canis growth in 450mg/ml dilution. For methanolic extract in broth dilution method, 60mg/ml was inhibitor for Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 240mg/ml dilution for Microsporum canis growth. In disc diffusion method we had 17 millimeter inhibitory zone around the pure extract in Trichophyton mentagrophytes. This extract had no anti-fungal effect against Aspergillus niger, but inhibited the growth of Candida albicans in 120mg/ml dilution and also calculated MBC for Candida albicans was 600mg/ml.
Conclusion: Our research showed Pistacia vera's pericarp extract has different anti-fungal effects on experimented fungi.
Pistacia vera\'s pericarp, Dermatophyte, Saprophyte, Anti fungal effect
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-114-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-114-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
Role of self-concept in physicians\' job success
141
145
FA
Jinous
Arvand
jinusarvand@yahoo.com
Y
Abdollah
Shafiabadi
N
Background: From psychological point of view, job success is considered as efficiency and ability of an individual. One of the important factors in job success is self-concept, and experts believe those who have positive self-concept, have a successful life as well, and are more successful in their career. Our study was performed among physicians who were practicing in Tehran to evaluate the role of self-concept in physicians' job success. Materials and Methods: The study was experimented upon 52 physicians (age: 25-40) practicing in Tehran. Rodger's self-concept test (the reliability of which -as tested by Cronbach Coefficient Alpha- was 0.89) was applied. A questionnaire was made and relevant specialists confirmed its validity. The reliability through Cronbach Coefficient Alpha was 0.98. The questionnaires were filled out by the physicians. Pearson's correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination was used for detecting the correlation between self-concept and job success. Results: No association was detected between self-concept and job success (r=-0.05). The significant correlation between job success and warmth, calmness, and availability of occupational goals was detected. There was only a minimal correlation between job success and trust, enduring hard work conditions, organization, dominance, and social boldness.
Conclusion: Iranian physicians have the sense of success in their career, only when they feel they have matched their occupational goals. Calmness and warmth are remarkable characteristics of successful physicians.
Self-Concept, Job Success, Iranian Physicians.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
Matricaria chamomilla extract infusion in to nucleus paragigantocellularis attenuates most of morphine withdrawal syndrome signs in rats
147
153
FA
esmail66@yahoo.com
Y
N
N
N
N
Background: Some reports show that co-administration of Matricaria chamomilla (MC) extract with morphine, greatly attenuate the development of morphine dependence and inhibit the expression of abstinence syndrome in morphine-dependent animals. Locus Coeruleus (LC) & nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) play an important role in developing symptoms of opiate withdrawal. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Matricaria chamomilla extract infusion into PGi on morphine withdrawal syndrome signs (MWS) of rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats (weight: 250-300gr) were surgically implanted with cannula at the PGi and then tested in 2groups: saline (control group) & morphine (twice daily for 7 days). The dose of morphine on the first and second days was 2.5 mg/kg and was doubled every day. On 7th day, the animals received the last injection of morphine (50mg/kg) and divided in 4 subgroups: the morphine group (which only received morphine) and three MC groups (which received 1µl of MC extract with the concentrations of 10, 25, 50 µg/µl, 5 min before naloxone administration). In the end of the training day (7th day) all groups were received naloxone (5mg/kg IP) 3h after last injection of morphine and then the frequencies of withdrawal behavior (jumping, climbing) were assessed for 30 minute.
Results: Our results showed that central administration of MC extract, especially at high doses (25µg/µl), significantly attenuates most signs of the morphine withdrawal syndrome.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the injection of MC extract into the PGi may be helpful for morphine withdrawal syndrome treatment.
Addiction, PGi nucleus, Matricaria chamomilla, morphine, withdrawal syndrome
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-116-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-116-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
General practitioners knowledge about smoking cessation approaches
155
159
FA
Fahimeh
Ramezani Tehrani
N
Hossein
Malekafzali
N
Shirin
Jalalinia
Y
Marzieh
Rostami dovvom
N
Niloufar
Peikari
N
Background: Worldwide more than one sixth of total populations are smoker and it is estimated that cigarette smoking will be the most preventable lead cause of death in 2020. Anti smoking advice from general practitioners (GPs) is the most effective way for smoking cessation and recent evidence-based guidelines urge GPs to advice all patients against smoking at every opportunity. This study aimed to identify general practitioner’s knowledge about smoking cessation approaches. Materials and Methods: This survey was carried out through a WHO standardized questionnaire. Based on to sample size calculation, 5140 general practitioners chose by quota sampling method from 25600 practicing general physicians in the country.
Results: 74% of subjects were male. About 16% were smoking and 4.6% had past history of it. Less than 30% of subjects have knowledge about smoking cessation approaches, but only 9% of subjects have been received any formal training about these approaches during medical school or post graduate programs. Lack of training about smoking cessation approaches was the most considerable pitfall that mentioned by about 80% of subjects. Conclusion: Improvement of knowledge and attitude of physicians about smoking cessation approaches may have an important role in smoking reduction in the community and public health improvement. So it is a priority to do major effort for providing appropriate training formal course during medical school and postgraduate programs.
General Practitioner, Knowledge, Smoking, Cessation Approaches.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
Comparison of clinical manifestation, age and sex distribution in childhood Wilms’ tumor and neuroblastoma in Tehran Children Medical Center hospital
161
164
FA
Masoumeh
Hemaatyar
f_hemat@yahoo.com
Y
Masoumeh
Robat Mili
N
Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common tumor in infancy and wilms’ tumor is the most common malignant tumor of kidney in childhood. Both the tumors are usually within the differential diagnosis of each other. This study compares the clinical manifestations, sex and age distribution of childhood wilms’ tumor and neuroblastoma at one of Tehran children hospitals.
Materials and Methods: The study is an analytic cross-sectional one performed randomly on 50 wilms’ tumor and 50 neuroblastoma patients at children medical center during years 1372 till 1382. Objective variables were obtained by reviewing patient’s medical records and by using a kind of check list. The data were analysed by SPSS software and using Chi-square test.
Results : In both groups, the most common age group for the patients’ initial presentation was 2-5 years old and the average age of presentation was 3.5 years old. Neuroblastoma was more common in boys but wilms’ tumor in girls. The first and the most common clinical manifestation was an abdominal mass. Hematuria and hypertension were more common in wilms tumor and fever, hepatomegaly and metastasis were so in neuroblastoma.
Conclusion: Wilms’ tumor and neuroblastoma must be considered in any child presenting with abdominal mass. The possibility of neuroblastoma is more likely in ill patients, with systemic signs and metastasis.
Wilms’ tumor, Neuroblastoma, Abdominal mass, Childhood tumor.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
Antinociceptive effects of essential oil of Salvia hypoleuca L. in mice
165
169
FA
Akram
Eidi
akram_eidi@yahoo.com
Y
kazem
Parivar
N
Ali
Mazouji
N
Zeynab
Akhtari
N
Background: Pain is a sensorial modality, which in many cases represents the only symptom for the diagnosis of several diseases. It often has a protective function. Although morphine has reigned for centuries as the king of painkillers, its rule hasn’t been totally benign. There are concerns about its addictive properties and side effects, which include respiratory depression, drowsiness, decreased gastrointestinal motility, nausea and several alterations of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Since the plant is being used traditionally in the treatment of painful illnesses, it would be worthwhile to evaluate its antinociceptive activities in mice. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the analgesic effect of ethanolic extracts of Salvia hypoleuca leaves by formalin-test in mice.
Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extracts and morphine were injected intraperitoneally. The control groups were administered saline as vehicles of ethanolic extract. Thirty minutes after the injection, pain scores were recorded for each group of mice by using an observational scale. Results: The results showed that the ethanolic extracts of the plant, compared to normal saline, decreased pain scores for both the first phase (p<0.001 for all doses) and the second phase of pain (p<0.001 for doses 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg p<0.01 for dose 50mg/kg). Also, the LD50 of the ethanolic extracts of the plant were measured to be 7000mg per kg of body weight. Conclusion: The data indicate that this plant has analgesic effects on mice and the plant should be considered in future therapeutic researches.
Salvia hypoleuca, analgesic effect, formalin test.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf
Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch
Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch
1023-5922
2008-3386
16
3
2006
9
1
Effects of self care planning on reduction of A1C hemoglobin in adults with diabetes mellitus
171
176
FA
Azamَظش
Mahmoudi
mahmoodi-mailmas@yahoo.com
Y
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important health problems throughout the world. Although in many diseases, physicians are the main responsible for disease control and patients play an inactive role in their management, in DM, patients are themselves the main part of treatment process. This study was designed to demonstrate the effect of self care plan on reduction of A1C hemoglobin level in adults affected by DM.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with type 2 DM were randomly selected. They were divided into two subgroups (30 patients in the intervention group and 30 in the control group). The intervention group had 3-4 sessions of education concerning insulin injection, hypoglycemic drugs, diet and metabolic control and then was followed during following 3 months in order to control the implementation of self care plan program. During the same time, the control group was observed every 2 weeks, regularly. Blood level of A1C Hemoglobin was measured in both groups, before and after self care teaching program.
Results: There was no significant difference in the blood level of A1C Hemoglobin in the intervention and control groups before self care teaching program, but after 3 months of education, the A1C level showed a significant decrease in the intervention group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the study results, self care teaching program can cause a significant improvement in glycemic control of adults involved with DM.
Diabetes, Self care, A1C Hemoglobin.
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.html
http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.pdf