Background: Tuberculosis is second cause of death after HIV infection related to infectious diseases in the world. According to WHO reports, there are many risk factors for reactivation of tuberculosis infection. The aim of this study was to know if assisted reproductive techniques (ART) reactivate latent tuberculosis infection.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective cross sectional descriptive study that was made to evaluate the effect of ART on reactivation of latent tuberculosis. All patients with positive PPD test, TB in the past or patients who had sequels of TB from 2001 to 2012 were included in this study. Based on questionnaire, including demographics, kind of infertility treatment and active tuberculosis, one expert physician was asking some questions about sign and symptoms of tuberculosis.  If Patients had signs or symptoms of tuberculosis, they were visited by infectious disease specialist. Patients with tuberculosis were signed as reactivation of latent tuberculosis.

Results: Of 770 patients, 433 (56.2%) cases were only PPD positive, and 30.3% had PPD positive and signs of TB in the past. 81 (10.5%) patients did IUI, 126 (16.4%) ICSI, 43 (5.6%) IVF, 11 (1.4%) IVF/ICSI, and 7 (0/9%) ZIFT and 3 had donor of oocyts. There were 90 (11.7%) pregnancy, 24 (3.1%) deliveries, 30 (3.9%) abortions and 13 (1.7%) ectopic pregnancies, but there was only one case of reactivated TB in this study.

Conclusion: This study shows that patients with positive PPD do not need TB prophylaxis. For better result, we need a prospective study.

Keywords: PPD test, Assisted Reproductive Techniques,  Reactivation of latent tuberculosis.

Many medical and non-medical research laboratories around the world are constantly trying to produce an effective vaccine or antiviral medicine. Current medical knowledge of the world has made significant progress in line with the corona virus and cancer treatment. Meanwhile, many natural compounds found in cyanobacteria have attracted the attention of many physicians due to their durability and high reliability. Cyanobacteria are rich in bioactive compounds that exhibit diverse biological activities including anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and anti-neoplastic properties. Many of these compounds are currently being studied in clinical trials. In this review article, newly discovered bioactive compounds from different cyanobacteria species that have strong antiviral activity against respiratory infections and also compounds such as apratoxin, simplostatin 1, bartolosides, chylobolid, bisbromoamides, carmaphysins and anamides that have anticancer activity on numerous cancer cell lines are introduced. The studies show that currently, there are no clear guidelines on the approval of bioactive compounds derived from cyanobacteria for the treatment of diseases. Although the use of these compounds is not usually accompanied by side effects, more research should be focused on these compounds to increase their safety and effectiveness. In this review article, by studying the latest available articles, the effectiveness of natural compounds in cyanobacteria in the treatment of viral and cancer diseases is discussed.