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Background: Good nutrition and regular physical activity are health promoting behaviors. Therefore, encouraging adolescents for following good nutritional behavior and having regular physical activity is one of the health priorities of community. This study was performed to determine the effect of educational programs related to nutritional behaviors and physical activity on self- efficacy of middle school students in Kerman.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 120 students of private and public middle schools were selected through multi- stage cluster random sampling and were assigned into two groups of experimental and control. Data was gathered using a questionnaire. After performing a pre-test, experimental group received eight 60-minute sessions of educational program on healthy nutrition and physical activity and their importance were hold through giving lecture and providing question and answer time and educational booklet. The data from before and after of intervention in experimental group were compared with control group by paired t-test, Mann-whitney U, Wilcoxon, Chi-square, Fisher and independent t-test.
Results: Self-efficacy in all domains of nutritional behavior has a significant difference in experimental group (38.92 ±10.59) compared to the control group (-1.78 ± 0.33) (p<0.0001). There was also a significant difference in the self- efficacy in physical activity between the experimental group (15.97 ± 6.01) and control group (-0.87±1.5). All two groups showed significant difference in the promotion of nutritional behavior and physical activity following the educational program (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Educational programs on nutritional behavior and physical activity have positive effects on students’ self-efficacy. Therefore, providing educational programs for promotion of self-efficacy in various health issues and prevention is highly required.

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Background: Self-efficacy, as the belief in your power and abilities, and Mindfulness under the title presence of mind and being in present and moment now in the purposefully shape and empty of judgment have important role in depression and of course in rumination of thoughts.
 Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, 380 students of Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, in the accessible sampling way were selected. Tools of gathering data were Sherer’s self-efficacy Questionnaires (1982), log rumination of thoughts (2007) and Kentucky’s mindfulness skills (2004). Data were used to predict by pearson’s correlation test, T test two independent groups and liner regression using SPSS software.
Results: Between self-efficacy and rumination of thoughts and also between mindfulness and rumination of thoughts was a significant negative relationship, so with increasing self-efficacy to 0.23 and with increasing mindfulness, the rate of rumination of thoughts to the 0.21 is being reduced. But, between self-efficacy and mindfulness to the rate of 0.56, there was a significant positive relationship it means that with increasing one, another one will be increased. There was a significant difference between the awareness of mind of male and female students. But, there was not significant difference between their mindfulness and their rumination of thoughts. Under the effect of self-efficacy too, the variety of mindfulness was excluded from the regression of rumination of thoughts and explain almost 0.08 of variance.
Conclusion: With the increased self-efficacy and mindfulness through purposeful life and perception of moment now without judgment and belief of “I believe” rumination of thoughts that is the root cause of psychological problems, such as depression and feeling of disability, can be prevented.

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Background: Today, quality of life is one of the most important issues in health care. Religious beliefs, in special meaning, are shared beliefs of a particular congregation that are eager to adhere to those beliefs and follow their practice; and self-efficacy means person's ability to deal with certain situations.

Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive- correlation type research. Tools used in this study were quality of life, Baraheni religious beliefs and self-efficacy Scherer questionnaires. Data analyses by software SPSS 21 using Spearman's correlation coefficient test.

Results: The results showed a significant relationship between quality of life and religious beliefs and self-efficacy, so that increasing religious beliefs was associated with higher self-efficacy.

Conclusion: The present study showed that there were significant direct relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life, and also religious beliefs, in all academic disciplines; therefore detecting and applying the appropriate methods in increasing the self- efficacy may enhance the quality of life of the students.

Keywords: Quality of life, Religious beliefs, Self-efficacy, Students.

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Background: Improving quality of life is considered as one of the main factors determining the effectiveness of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Self-efficacy provides conditions to fast recovery, prevention of relapse and improving quality of life. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Materials and methods: This descriptive correlational study was carried out on 255 patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft in Social Security Hospitals in Tehran in 2016. Data collection was performed through three questionnaires including demographic data, Mc New quality of life questionnaire, and general self-efficacy questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using independent t test, ANOVA and regression analysis through SPSS-v22 software.
Results: Of 255 subjects, 12.9 percent of them had weak quality of life and 78.1 percent had a medium level. Self-efficacy of 77.6% of patients was middle and 22.4% was high. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life (r= 0.327, p=0.001).  Based on the regression model, by 15 percent of quality of life and 23 percent of self-efficacy can be explained by demographic variables.
Conclusion: Results showed that most of participants had average quality of life and self-efficacy. There was a significant relationship between quality of life and self-efficacy. Accordingly, it is necessary to design and implement educational interventions by clinical staff in order to promote patient’s self-efficacy and provides circumstance to improve quality of their life through this.

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Background: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of attachment styles to parents and peers in predicting aggression and social self-efficacy among adolescents.
Materials and methods: This was a descriptive-correlational (predictive) study that regarded as an applicable study in terms of its objective. The statistical population included all adolescents referred to healthcare centers in Zahedan whom based on the latest statistics, were more than 190 adolescents. Using Morgan’s table, the sample size was determined 122 people. A convenience sampling method was applied to select the sample and the measurement tools were the Armsden and Greeberg Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (1987), the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992), and the Connolly Scale of Social Self-Efficacy (1989). Research hypotheses were analyzed using the stepwise regression analysis via SPSS ver.22.
Results: Among the components of attachment to peers and parents, in the first step, feeling alienated with peers explained 11% of the variance and, in the second step, feeling alienated with parents explained 18% of the variance in aggression among the adolescents at the confidence level of 0.99. Additionally, among the components of attachment to peers, only the component of communication with peers predicted 2.5% of the variance in social self-efficacy at confidence level of 0.95.
Conclusion: Attachment to parents and peers is one of the important factors contributing to aggression and social self-efficacy among adolescents.

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Background: The incidence of neural bladder is increasing today and these people need catheterization. Intermittent clean urinary catheterization is a low-risk method for the patients.
Materials and methods: This was a descriptive methodological and validation research. For content validity, 10 people were selected by purposive method. For face validity, 25 people were chosen by convenience method Aimed at structural validity, gradual method was used from sounding conductors. For the reliability of the questionnaire, 10 people completed the questionnaire.
Results: First, a draft was developed and two qualitative and quantitative methods were used for face validity. The effect scores of the items were not less than 1.5. None of the items less than 62% were deleted according to the table. In construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and varimax rotation methods were used and the adequacy of sample size was 0.78 by KMO test, and the results of Bartlett sphericity test were significant (4017/486 p <0.001). 5 items with a share of less than 0.4 were removed and factor analysis was performed again and the number of factors was reduced to four with a variance of 40.136. The results of internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire with 32 items were equal to 0.862 and 0.859 for women and men respectively. The results of the stability of the verification tools and the result of the ICC test (0.949) showed a good correlation coefficient for each structure.
Conclusion: The tools designed in this study are valid and reliable and can be used in various studies.

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Background: Considering the extensive psychological effects caused by the spread of Covid-19 in societies, there is strong evidence that hospital treatment staff, due to their jobs, are prone to many psychological disorders such as reduced self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders of treatment staff facing patients with covid-19.
Materials and methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a follow-up period and a control group. The research sample consisted of 45 medical staff involved in the care of patients with covid-19 in Shahid Modares Hospital in Tehran, whom were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy sessions were held individually in 8 sessions of 120 minutes and one session per week. To analyze the data, Variance analysis test with repeated measurements and SPSS version 25 software were used at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The findings of the research showed that both cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy were effective on self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders in the treatment staff dealing with patients with covid-19 (P<0.05) and no significant difference was observed between two treatment groups.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, these methods can be used to treat the disorders of the medical staff in the conditions of the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease.