@article{ author = {Najmabadi, Hossei}, title = {Surveying SMN gene deletions in Iranian patients with spinal muscular atrophy and prenatal diagnosis}, abstract ={Background: Spinal muscular atrophy is a group of α-motor neuron. There are three genes for this disorder, of which SMN with two copies centromeric and telomeric is the most important one. In 95% of SMA patient’s telomeric copy of SMN is homozygously deleted and the remaining has point mutation in this gene. In most of the patient’s, exon 7 & 8 of SMN1 is deleted. Therefore, analysis of SMN1 mutation is very important for carrier detection. The aim of this study was analysis of SMN1 mutation and determination of its frequency among Iranian patients. Materials and methods: After genetic counseling and estimation of clinical symptoms of patients based on SMA consortium, molecular analysis based on PCR-RFLP has been performed. Results: Frequency of consanguineous marriage in our study was 60%, while most of the patients were come from central and northern part of Iran. Of 243 families, 195 were categorized as type I, 30 as type II, and 18 as type III. Analysis of exon 7 deletion among families with live affected child showed that 94% of families with SMA type I, 95% in type II families and 100% in SMA type III had homozygous deletion. In prenatal diagnosis, twenty one of ninety two (22.8%) fetal samples were found to be affected and these pregnancies were terminated. Conclusion: The frequency of homozygous deletion of exon 7 of SMN1 was 94%. This is in agreement with Western Europe, China, Japan, and Kuwait.}, Keywords = {Spinal Muscular Atrophy, SMN1, Iranian patients.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {121-126}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Doustar, Yousof}, title = {Experimental study of renal tubular cells apoptosis subsequent to influenza virus (H9N2) in SPF chickens}, abstract ={Background: Influenza virus produces cell death in animals and human. Cell death can be caused by either necrosis or apoptosis. We investigated the types of cell death that occur in chickens infected with avian influenza virus (A/chicken/Iran/772/2000(H9N2). Material and methods: In an experimental study, 60 SPF chickens aged 3 weeks old were assigned to two groups. The first group was infected with 107..5EID50 of the virus intravenously and the second group was treated with saline normal. 72 hours later, renal tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin solution. The prepared microscopic sections with the thickness of 5-6 micron were stained using TUNEL method. Results: There was a significant difference in apoptotic cells of renal tubular tissue between the infected group and controls (p<0.005). Conclusion: We demonstrated that A/chicken/Iran/772/2000(H9N2) is able to induce apoptosis in renal tubular cells.}, Keywords = {Avian influenza, Apoptosis, Renal apoptosis. }, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {127-131}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Khoshnevis, jalaledin and Khajavi, houman and Kharazm, pejman and Kazemzadeh, golamhossein and Kaviani, ali and Zeinalzadeh, Mohammad and SaberiGhochani, Ali Reza and Talebian, mohse}, title = {Comparing AVF ligature and transvenous endorrhaphy for AVF closure in hemodialysis}, abstract ={Background: Arteriovenous fistulae are the principal chronic hemodialysis access in patients with end stage renal disease. There is an increasing number of patients who need AVF closure because of serious complications or renal function retrieval by transplantation. Multiple open and endovascular techniques have been proposed for AVF closure. In this study, we are going to compare two surgical methods and select the preferred one as the standard technique for closure. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed. 140 patients were randomly assigned into two matched groups. 70 patients underwent AVF ligature and the other 70 subjects underwent transvenous endorrhaphy. Each patient was followed for at least 6 months to monitor surgical results. Results: Of 140 patients, 26 (18.6%) AVF closures were failed during 6 months of follow up. Of 26 failed cases, 24 had undergone AVF ligature. Thrill recurrence and closure failure was 37.1% in the ligature group and 2.9% in the endorrhaphy group. Conclusions: Transvenous endorrhaphy is associated with better AVF closure results. Therefore, we recommend this procedure as the standard technique of AVF closure.}, Keywords = {Arteriovenous fistula, Ligature, Transvenous endorrhaphy}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {133-137}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mazdeh, Mehrdokht}, title = {Comparing the efficacy of Avonex, Rebif and Betaferon in motor disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale) and relapsing rate of multiple sclerosis patients}, abstract ={Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is a leading cause of disability in young adults. The aim of the present study was to compare the relative efficacies of Avonex, Rebif and Betaferon in EDSS and relapsing rate in MS patients. Materials and methods: 126 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups. The first group received Avonex (47.6%), the second group received Rebif (28.5%), and the third group received Betaferon (23.8%). For all patients, first and final EDSS and relapsing rate was assessed. Results: The mean age of patients was 31.1±8.6 years and 80.2% of patients were female. Differences between mean of first and final EDSS were statistically significant in three groups (p<0.05). The mean of EDSS score changes in Avonex, Betaferon and Rebif groups were 1.38 (31.2%), 1.30(24.3%) and 1.45(30.7%) (NS). In Avonex and Betaferon groups, the difference between attack of MS disease before and after treatment was significant (p<0.05), however, the difference in Rebif group was not significant (NS). The mean decrease relapse of MS disease in Avonex, Betaferon and Rebif groups were 0.69(40.1%), 0.60(42.8%) and 1.25(62.5%) (NS). Conclusion: Treatment with these three drugs has significantly reduced EDSS score, however, relapsing rate was significantly decreased in Rebif group.}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Avonex , Betaferon , Rebif , EDSS(Expanded Disability Status Scale).}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {139-146}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Shahl}, title = {Effects of exercise in water (hydrotherpy) on pain relief and extended range of motion in rheumatoid arthritis patients}, abstract ={Background: Prior investigators have demonstrated the positive effects of exercise on pain relief and extended range of motion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The present study was designed to determine the effects of these exercises in water (hydrotherapy). Materials and methods: In a clinical trial, a total of 32 adult females were equally assigned in experimental and control groups. At baseline, demographic data, patients’ pain and range of motion were determined. Then, the experimental group was advised associated hydrotherapy activities, finally, 6 weeks later, they were reassessed. Results: The mean pain severity was reduced in both experimental and control groups (p<0.0007, p<0.03, respectively), however, pain severity reduction was more significant in hydrotherapy group. Range of motion was also significantly increased in hydrotherapy group, when compared with controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hydrotherapy could effectively reduce pain severity and increase range of motion in RA patients.}, Keywords = { Hydrotherapy, Pain, Range of motion, Rheumatoid arthritis.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {147-152}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Rayegani, Seyedmansourُثغ and Bahrami,}, title = {Electrodiagnostic prevalence of accessory peroneal nerve in admitted patients in Shohada hospital}, abstract ={Background: Accessory peroneal nerve (APN) is an anatomic variation which can disturb electrodiagnostic studies. This anomaly is detected when the response CMAP (Compound muscle action potential) of EDB (Extensor digitrum brevis) to peroneal nerve stimulation is measured smaller in distal when compared to proximal. In this study, we have assessed the prevalence of APN in a group of patients admitted to Shohada-Tajrish hospital. Material and methods: CMAP of DPN was measured by Neuro-Screen Toennis instrument. If no CMAP of EDB was detected in ankle, a record was obtained below lateral malleous and the presence of APN was confirmed when CMAP in distal was lesser than proximal. Results: The study population included 143 females (62.7%) and 87 (17.9%) males with a mean age of 42.1±13.5 years. APN was detected in 28 patients, among whom 5 (17.9%) had bilateral APN. Sexual distribution of APN was the same, with half of the cases (14 patients) were females. Conclusion: The prevalence of APN was 12.2%. Approximately, 17.9% of cases were bilateral.}, Keywords = {Electrodiagnostic, Accessory proneal nerve. }, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {153-155}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Jamshidi, Mahin and Mohraz, Minou and Zanganeh, Mehrangiz and JamshidiMakiani, Ali}, title = {Surveying SMN gene deletions in Iranian patients}, abstract ={Background: Spinal muscular atrophy is a group of α-motor neuron. There are three genes for this disorder, of which SMN with two copies centromeric and telomeric is the most important one. In 95% of SMA patient’s telomeric copy of SMN is homozygously deleted and the remaining has point mutation in this gene. In most of the patient’s, exon 7 & 8 of SMN1 is deleted. Therefore, analysis of SMN1 mutation is very important for carrier detection. The aim of this study was analysis of SMN1 mutation and determination of its frequency among Iranian patients. Materials and methods: After genetic counseling and estimation of clinical symptoms of patients based on SMA consortium, molecular analysis based on PCR-RFLP has been performed. Results: Frequency of consanguineous marriage in our study was 60%, while most of the patients were come from central and northern part of Iran. Of 243 families, 195 were categorized as type I, 30 as type II, and 18 as type III. Analysis of exon 7 deletion among families with live affected child showed that 94% of families with SMA type I, 95% in type II families and 100% in SMA type III had homozygous deletion. In prenatal diagnosis, twenty one of ninety two (22.8%) fetal samples were found to be affected and these pregnancies were terminated. Conclusion: The frequency of homozygous deletion of exon 7 of SMN1 was 94%. This is in agreement with Western Europe, China, Japan, and Kuwait.}, Keywords = {: Spinal Muscular Atrophy, SMN1, Iranian patients.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {157-160}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Vaziri, saeed and Dehestani, Mohammad and SoltaniGordFramarzi, Hamidrez}, title = {Surveying depression in asthmatic patients}, abstract ={Background: Depression is one the most common mental disorders that has different symptoms such as non-stimulation, sleeping disorders, retirement and social function decreasing. It may occur in patients with chronic diseases, cancer, and asthma. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between asthma and depression. Material and methods: For this cross-sectional study asthmatic patients referred to Shohadaye Kargar hospital in Yazd in 2006 were enrolled. Having completed the informed consent, demographic data, history of asthma and depression test of Beck (13 questions) were inquired. Results: Totally, 330 asthmatic patients (54% male and 46% female) were studied with a mean age of 54/5±15/5 years (range, 20-88 years). Asthmatic patients had depression more frequently than general population in Yazd (79% vs. 34%, p<0.0001). Educated subjects were more commonly affected (twice the illiterate, p<0.05). Meanwhile, risk of depression showed statistically significant association with age and history of asthma. Conclusion: Depression in more prevalent among asthmatic patients in Yazd, when compared with general population. Therefore, early treatment of asthma can cease depression.}, Keywords = {Asthma, Depression, Yazd.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {161-164}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Emami, Parvin and Aref, Shahrz}, title = {Maternal knowledge, attitude and perception about}, abstract ={Background: Deficiency of iron and vitamins is a major health concern that may lead to anemia or rickets. The aim of the present study was to determine the maternal knowledge, attitude and perception about supplemental iron and vitamins in their infants. Materials and methods: This analytic KAP study was performed on 480 consecutive cases in 2005. A questionnaire was completed by a trained investigator. Results: Knowledge of mothers towards iron and vitamins was low in 59.3%, moderate in 38.8%, and high in 1.9%. Attitude was poor in 20.4%, moderate in 12.1% and good in 67.5%, however, perception was poor in 14.2%, moderate in 57.7% and good in 28.1%. Conclusion: With respect to poor maternal knowledge, attitude and perception about supplemental iron and vitamins, there is an urgent need for training.}, Keywords = {Iron, Vitamins, Infants.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {165-169}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {GHORBANI, Mhboobeh and Hosseini, Mostafa and KHouri, Vahi}, title = {Evaluation of face to face training effects on reduction of}, abstract ={Background: Drug interactions are among the most important medication errors and often can potentially cause adverse drug reactions that may affect treatment course. In the present study we evaluated the effects of face to face education on reduction of drug interactions on insured prescription of physicians. Materials and methods: We selected the physician’s prescriptions and identified drug interactions of physician’s prescriptions. The prepared questionnaire was introduced to physicians through face to face education, feed back of information and designation of pamphlets. Having educated the physicians, their prescriptions were reevaluated. Results: The incidence of drug interaction was %8.49, however, mean number of drug interaction was significantly reduced after education (p<0.001). Meanwhile, a significant increment was observed in physicians’ knowledge towards possible mechanism, pharmacologic classification and drug interactions (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results revealed the importance of active education in reducing the percentage of drug interactions and the effects of education in increased physician’s knowledge towards drug interactions.}, Keywords = {Face to face education, Drug interaction, Physician’s prescription.}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {171-175}, publisher = {Islamic Azxad University, Tehran Medical Branch}, url = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html}, eprint = {http://tmuj.iautmu.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity - Tehran Medical Branch}, issn = {1023-5922}, eissn = {2008-3386}, year = {2007} }