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Risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy: a case-control study in Qom, Iran with emphasis on reproductive health and population policy
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Fatemeh Ghodsi1    , Leila Arbil2 , Arefeh Nazari2 , Leila Safdari2 |
1- Department of Midwifery, QoMS.C, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran & leilaarbil16991699@gmail.com
2- Department of Midwifery, QoMS.C, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran |
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Abstract: (12 Views) |
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality and loss of fertility in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with ectopic pregnancy and its impact on reproductive health and population growth policies in Qom Province.
Materials and methods: This case–control study was conducted in 2020 using a census method in Shahid Beheshti and Farghani Hospitals in Qom City. Pregnant women who were hospitalized with suspected ectopic pregnancy and acute abdomen and subsequently received a confirmed diagnosis were included in the case group. Women with normal intrauterine pregnancies were randomly assigned to the control group. Demographic data and medical history, including smoking, history of abortion, pelvic infections, and previous ectopic pregnancy, were extracted from patients’ medical records.
Results: A total of 147 women were studied in each group. The findings indicated that cesarean delivery, use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) and oral contraceptives, history of ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and level of education were significant factors associated with ectopic pregnancy. In contrast, age, history of abdominal or pelvic surgery, number of pregnancies, and history of abortion showed no significant association with this complication.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that reproductive lifestyle, contraceptive methods, and mode of delivery play a crucial role in the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy in Qom Province. Therefore, proper implementation of the Ministry of Health’s population growth policies and promotion of physiological childbirth may reduce the incidence of this condition and improve reproductive health.
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| Keywords: Ectopic pregnancy, Contraceptive methods, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Infertility, Abortion |
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Full-Text [PDF 946 kb]
(8 Downloads)
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Semi-pilot: case-control |
Subject:
Midwifery
Received: 2025/07/15 | Accepted: 2025/12/21 | Published: 2026/09/1
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