Background: Infertility is one of the growing health issues in many countries with numerous emotional, social and economic consequences. The results of some studies in recent years revealed that the actual spread of infertility is changing and increasing due to various factors and the fertility rate has also declined. This study aimed to perform systematic review on Iranian domestic articles between 1999 to 2013, in order to identify the causes of infertility.

Materials and methods: In this systematic review, 58 research papers were retrieved. After auditing them, 38 articles were selected in the past two decades regarding the “etiology of infertility”.

Results: The most frequent causes of male infertility were sperm abnormalities and then varicocele. Tubal disorders and ovarian disorders were the most prevalent causes of female infertility. 

Conclusion: Based on these results and effective factors of infertility, we can consider effective measures in three areas, including preventive measures, educational measures, and support and encouragement measures to improve reduced fertility rate.

Keywords: Infertility patterns, Secondary infertility, Primary infertility, Etiology of infertility, Systematic review.