1. 1. Breen L, Phillips SM. Skeletal muscle protein metabolism in the elderly: interventions to counteract the anabolic resistance of ageing. Nut Metabol 2011; 8:1-11. [DOI:10.1186/1743-7075-8-68]

2. Panahi S, Agha-Alinejad H, Gharakhanloo R, Fayazmilani R, Hedayati M, Safarzadeh A, et al. The effect of 4 weeks resistance training on Murf1 gene expression and muscle atrophy in diabetic Wistar rats. Med J Tabriz Uni Med Sciences Health Services 2016; 38:6-13. [In Persian]

3. Laplante M, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth control and disease. Cell 2012; 149: 274-93. [DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.017]

4. Patursky-Polischuk I, Kasir J, Miloslavski R, Hayouka Z, Hausner-Hanochi M, Stolovich-Rain M, et al. Reassessment of the role of TSC, mTORC1 and microRNAs in amino acids-meditated translational control of TOP mRNAs. PloS one 2014; 9:e109410. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0109410]

5. Menon S, Dibble CC, Talbott G, Hoxhaj G, Valvezan AJ, Takahashi H, et al. Spatial control of the TSC complex integrates insulin and nutrient regulation of mTORC1 at the lysosome. Cell 2014; 156:771-85. [DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.049]

6. Showkat M, Beigh MA, Andrabi KI. mTOR signaling in protein translation regulation: implications in cancer genesis and therapeutic interventions. Mol Biol Int 2014; 1-14. [DOI:10.1155/2014/686984]

7. Cassidy S, Thoma C, Houghton D, Trenell MI. High-intensity interval training: a review of its impact on glucose control and cardiometabolic health. Diabetologia 2017; 60:7-23. [DOI:10.1007/s00125-016-4106-1]

8. Lane MT, Herda TJ, Fry AC, Cooper MA, Andre MJ, Gallagher PM. Endocrine responses and acute mTOR pathway phosphorylation to resistance exercise with leucine and whey. Biol Sport 2017; 34:197-203. [DOI:10.5114/biolsport.2017.65339]

9. Nazari M, Gholamrezaei S, Shabani R. Effect of a period circuit resistance training on components of the metabolic syndrome in females with type II diabetes. Iran J Endocrinol Metabol 2016; 17:362-370.

10. Chavanelle V, Boisseau N, Otero YF, Combaret L, Dardevet D, Montaurier C, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on glycaemic control and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in db/db mice. Sci Reports 2017; 7:204. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-00276-8]

11. Ostler JE, Maurya SK, Dials J, Roof SR, Devor ST, Ziolo MT, et al. Effects of insulin resistance on skeletal muscle growth and exercise capacity in type 2 diabetic mouse models. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol 2014; 306:E592-605. [DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00277.2013]

12. Edman S, Söderlund K, Blomstrand E. PO-260 Anabolic signalling in individual muscle fibres following resistance exercise in combination with amino acid intake. Exerc Biochem Rev 2018; 1:260. [DOI:10.14428/ebr.v1i5.11083]

13. Camera DM, Edge J, Short MJ, Hawley JA, Coffey VG. Early time course of Akt phosphorylation after endurance and resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:1843-52. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d964e4]

14. Safhi MM, Anwer T, Khan G, Siddiqui R, Moni Sivakumar S, Alam MF. The combination of canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiac biomarkers via modulation of inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 22:493-501. [DOI:10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.493]

15. Khalili A, Nekooeian AA, Khosravi MB. Oleuropein improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile in rats with simultaneous renovascular hypertension and type 2 diabetes. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2017; 19:1011-21. [DOI:10.1080/10286020.2017.1307834]

16. Fallahi A, Gaeini A, Shekarfroush S, Khoshbaten A. Cardioprotective effect of high intensity interval training and nitric oxide metabolites (NO2−, NO3−). Iran J Public Health 2015; 44:1270-6.

17. Garcia NF, Sponton AC, Delbin MA, Parente JM, Castro MM, Zanesco A, et al. Metabolic parameters and responsiveness of isolated iliac artery in LDLr-/-mice: role of aerobic exercise training. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 7:64.

18. Zarei F, Shadmehri S, Daryanoosh F, Sherafati Moghadam M, Mahmoodi M T. The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the serum levels of chemerin, omentin-1 and apelin on overweight female Sprague-Dawley rats. JSSU 2018; 26:473-482.

19. Khani M, Motamedi P, Dehkhoda MR, Nikukheslat SD, Karimi P. Effect of thyme extract supplementation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, PGC-1α content and endurance exercise performance in rats. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14: 1-8. [DOI:10.1186/s12970-017-0167-x]

20. Burd NA, Tang JE, Moore DR, Phillips SM. Exercise training and protein metabolism: influences of contraction, protein intake, and sex-based differences. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106:1692-701. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.91351.2008]

21. Fyfe JJ, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD, Hanson ED, Anderson MJ, Garnham AP, et al. Enhanced skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis, yet attenuated mTORC1 and ribosome biogenesis-related signalling, following short-term concurrent versus single-mode resistance training. Sci Rep 2018; 8:560-1-21. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-18887-6]

22. Wallace MA, Hughes DC, Baar K. mTORC1 in the Control of Myogenesis and Adult Skeletal Muscle Mass. Molecules to Medicine with mTOR 2016;7: 37-56. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-802733-2.00025-6]

23. Sato S, Kataoka S, Sato M, Takahashi A, Norikura T, Mukai Y. Effect of Bangle (Zingiber purpureum) extract and low-intensity exercise on mTOR phosphorylation and autophagy flux in skeletal muscles of rats on a high-fat diet. J Funct Food 2018; 47:554-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.010]

24. Saxton RA, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell 2017; 168:960-76. [DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.004]

25. Laplante M, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012; 4: a011593. [DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a011593]

26. Tarum J, Folkesson M, Atherton PJ, Kadi F. Electrical pulse stimulation: an in vitro exercise model for the induction of human skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy. A proof‐of‐concept study. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1405-13. [DOI:10.1113/EP086581]

27. Ci Y, Shi K, An J, Yang Y, Hui K, Wu P, et al. ROS inhibit autophagy by downregulating ULK1 mediated by the phosphorylation of p53 in selenite-treated NB4 cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5: 1-10. [DOI:10.1038/cddis.2014.506]

28. Datan E, Shirazian A, Benjamin S, Matassov D, Tinari A, Malorni W, et al. mTOR/p70S6K signaling distinguishes routine, maintenance-level autophagy from autophagic cell death during influenza A infection. Virology 2014; 452: 175-90. [DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.008]